Homeostatic Characteristics of Single Species Fish Stocks in Arctic Lakes

Johnson, Lionel

doi:10.1139/f83-125

Cited by 67 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…At the head of the hierarchy is the the dominant species (defined as the species with the "best" integration of energy acquisition and conservation). This is particularly evident in the dominant species in undisturbed, autonomous ecosystems (Johnson 1976(Johnson , 1983(Johnson , 1990, in press). 5.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Secondly, if the population is severely disturbed it returns to its original configuration in a well-damped manner (Johnson 1972(Johnson , 1975(Johnson , 1976(Johnson , 1983(Johnson , 1985Vanriel 1989). Thirdly, stability is confirmed by the direct observation of a number of lakes over a period of 30 years.…”

Section: An Ecological Reference Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Least dissipation is a property of the species population or "ecodeme". The characteristics of least dissipation are: 1) unimodal length frequency distribution indicating uniformity in size; 2) large size; 3) great mean age; 4) great variation in age at modal length; 5) a dearth of juvenile replacement stock; and 6) indeterminate age at death (Johnson 1976(Johnson , 1983. A long life-span indicates a long turnover time and a low requirement for juvenile replacement stock to maintain numerical constancy.…”

Section: An Ecological Reference Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2. Individual ecodemes function as cohesive entities not merely collections of individuals (Johnson 1983). 3.…”

Section: Synopsismentioning

confidence: 99%

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An ecological approach to biosystem thermodynamics

Johnson¹

1992

Biol Philos

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The general attributes of ecosystems are examined and a naturally occurring "reference ecosystem" is established, comparable with the "isolated" system of classical thermodynamics. Such an autonomous system with a stable, periodic input of energy is shown to assume certain structural characteristics that have an identifiable thermodynamic basis. Individual species tend to assume a state of "least dissipation"; this is most clearly evident in the dominant species (the species with the best integration of energy acquisition and conservation). It is concluded that ecosystem structure results from the antagonistic interaction of two nearly equal forces. These forces have their origin in the Principle of Most Action ("least dissipation" or "least entropy production") and the universal Principle of Least Action. "Most action" is contingent on the equipartitioning of the energy available, through uniform interaction of similar individuals. The trend to "Least action" is contingent on increased dissipation attained through increasing diversity and increasing complexity. These principles exhibit a basic asymmetry. Given the operation of these opposing principles over evolutionary time, it is argued that ecosystems originated in the vicinity of thermodynamic equilibrium through the resonant amplification of reversible fluctuations. On account of the basic asymmetry the system was able to evolve away from thermodynamic equilibrium provided that it remained within the vicinity of "ergodynamic equilibrium" (equilibrium maintained by internal work, where the opposing forces are equal and opposite).At the highest level of generalization there appear to be three principles operating: i) maximum association of free-energy and materials; ii) energy conservation (deceleration of the energy flow) through symmetric interaction and increased homogeneity; and iii) the principle of least action which induces acceleration of the energy flow through asymmetrical interaction. The opposition and asymmetry of the two forces give rise to natural selection and evolution.

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Section: Characteristics Of the Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: An Ecological Reference Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: An Ecological Reference Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2. Individual ecodemes function as cohesive entities not merely collections of individuals (Johnson 1983). 3.…”

Section: Synopsismentioning

confidence: 99%

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An ecological approach to biosystem thermodynamics

Johnson¹

1992

Biol Philos

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“…Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus, is the only fish species found in Lake Hazen (Johnson, 1983;Reist et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bathymetry and Sediment Geochemistry of Lake Hazen (Quttinirpaaq National Park, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut)

Köck¹,

Muir²,

Yang³

et al. 2012

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. Arctic lakes can provide a long-term perspective on environmental change, including trends in long-range atmospheric transport and deposition of contaminants, inferred from studies of sediment cores. In this study, we conducted the first detailed bathymetric survey of Lake Hazen (Quttinirpaaq National Park, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut), the world's largest lake north of 74˚ latitude. With these data we were able to determine optimal locations for sediment coring and to collect and analyze profundal sediment cores. A bathymetric map of Lake Hazen was developed on the basis of 362 spot soundings obtained with GPS-coupled sounding equipment placed directly on the ice combined with additional soundings from a small boat. The deepest point in the lake (81˚49.5ʹ N; 70˚42.8ʹ W) was found to be 267 m deep. The lake volume was estimated to be 5.14 × 10 10 m 3 , about 10% larger than previous estimates. Using estimates of the discharge of Lake Hazen from the Water Survey of Canada, we estimated the water retention time to be 89 years. Sediment cores were dated using 210 Pb and ) in horizons dated to 1950 -1880. The majority of elements measured in sediment (24 of 29 consistently above detection limits), as well as organic carbon, showed less than 20% variation in concentrations in the top 10 cm (compacted depth), which represent deposition over approximately 140 years. Geochemical characteristics of the sediment suggest that erosional inputs from annual glacial melting are the major source of essentially all elements and that anthropogenic inputs from long-range transport of toxic metals such as mercury and lead are very low.Key words: bathymetry, sediment, metals, depth sounding, lake volume, water residence time, radiometric, dating RÉSUMÉ. Les lacs de l'Arctique peuvent fournir une perspective à long terme en matière de changement environnemental, notamment en ce qui a trait aux tendances relatives au transport atmosphérique et au dépôt de contaminants sur de longues périodes, tendances inférées à partir d'études de carottes de sédiments. Dans le cadre de la présente étude, nous avons effectué le premier levé bathymétrique détaillé du lac Hazen (parc national Quttinirpaaq, île d'Ellesmere, Nunavut), le plus grand lac de la planète situé au nord de 74˚ de latitude. Grâce aux données prélevées, nous avons réussi à déterminer les meilleurs emplacements pour le prélèvement de carottes de sédiments de même que pour la collecte et l'analyse de carottes de sédiments profonds. Une carte bathymétrique du lac Hazen a été dressée en fonction de 362 sondages obtenus au moyen de matériel d'appareils phoniques dotés de GPS placés directement sur la glace et supplémentés par des sondages recueillis à partir d'un petit bateau. Le point le plus profond du lac (81˚49,5ʹ N; 70˚42,8ʹ O) a été trouvé à 267 m de profondeur. Le volume du lac a été évalué à 5,14 × 10 10 m 3 , soit 10 % de plus que les évaluations précédentes. À l'aide d'estimations du déversement du lac Hazen obtenues auprès de la Division des relevés hydrologiques du...

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Using stable isotopes to confirm the trophic ecology of Arctic charr morphotypes from Lake Hazen, Nunavut, Canada

Guiguer¹

2002

Journal of Fish Biology

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Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were used to examine differences in the feeding ecology of sympatric morphotypes of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus from Lake Hazen, Ellesmere Island, in the Canadian High Arctic. Large and small morphotypes possessed significantly different carbon and nitrogen signatures with large-form Arctic charr being more depleted in 13 C and more enriched in 15 N than the small-form. Isotope and stomach content analyses yielded consistent results and indicated short-and long-term reliance on fish as a food for large Arctic charr. Large-form individuals predate on juveniles but do not predate on small-form individuals d250 mm. The observed cannibalism by large-form individuals, therefore, does not act to maintain the bimodal length-frequency distribution in Lake Hazen. Bimodality is argued to arise for ecological reasons connected with differing habitat use by the morphotypes and the associated differences in resource consumption opportunities. 2002 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

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Homeostatic Characteristics of Single Species Fish Stocks in Arctic Lakes

Cited by 67 publications

References 29 publications

An ecological approach to biosystem thermodynamics

An ecological approach to biosystem thermodynamics

Bathymetry and Sediment Geochemistry of Lake Hazen (Quttinirpaaq National Park, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut)

Using stable isotopes to confirm the trophic ecology of Arctic charr morphotypes from Lake Hazen, Nunavut, Canada

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