Home testing for COVID-19: Benefits and limitations

Procop, Gary W.; Kadkhoda, Kamran; Rhoads, Daniel D.; Gordon, Steve; Reddy, Anita

doi:10.3949/ccjm.88a.ccc071

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…2.2.4. Deprotection to Achieve Ac-Abu-Tle-Leu-Gln-4-ALMG (5). Compound 4 (26.00 mg, 0.02 mmol) was dissolved in 1 mL solution of 2.5% TIPS in TFA (v/v) added and stirred for 1 h at room temperature.…”

Section: Synthesis Of 4-aminoleucomalachitegreen (4-almg) (2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current detection methods for viral infections, such as RT-PCR, serological, antigen, and antibody-based tests, − focus on either recognizing specific components of the viral particle or host immune response affording reliable testing for identified pathogens but have limitations that hinder their deployment for emerging pathogens. ,,, In many viral families, the genomes encode a polyprotein that is cleaved by an encoded viral protease to generate both structural and enzymatic components. − As proteases are less prone to mutation, sensing proteases represents a sustainable approach to detecting viral activity. Similarly, because proteases are more labile than viral coat proteins or nucleic acids, , their activity is a direct indication of an active infection and can be used for differentiation from a resolved one.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Colorimetric Cotton Swab for Viral Protease Detection

et al. 2022

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Reporting the activity of a specific viral protease remains an acute need for rapid point-of-care detection strategies that can distinguish active infection from a resolved infection. In this work, we present a simple colorimetric approach for reporting the activity of a specific viral protease through direct color conversion on a cotton swab, which has the potential to be extended to detect the corresponding virus. We use SARS-CoV-2 viral protease as a proof-of-concept model system. We use 4-aminomalachite green (4-AMG) as the base chromophore structure to design a CoV2-AMG reporter, which is selective toward the SARS-CoV-2 M pro but does not produce any observable color change in the presence of other viral proteases. The color change is observable by the naked eye, as well as smartphone imaging, which affords a lower limit of detection. The simplicity and generalizability of the method could be instrumental in combating future viral outbreaks.

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Section: Synthesis Of 4-aminoleucomalachitegreen (4-almg) (2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorimetric Cotton Swab for Viral Protease Detection

et al. 2022

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“…At-home test results do not guarantee initiation of treatment or other interventions. Nonetheless, at-home tests have the potential to broaden access to testing and increase testing rates [93,94]. To date the US FDA has granted EUA to five SARS-CoV-2 tests for at-home use.…”

Section: Impact Of Sars-cov-2 Naats Performed At the Pocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Sars-Cov-2At the Point of Care

Loeffelholz¹,

Tang

2021

Bioanalysis

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiologic agent of COVID-19. Testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection is a critical element of the public health response to COVID-19. Point-of-care (POC) tests can drive patient management decisions for infectious diseases, including COVID-19. POC tests are available for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections and include those that detect SARS-CoV-2 antigens as well as amplified RNA sequences. We provide a review of SARS-CoV-2 POC tests including their performance, settings for which they might be used, their impact and future directions. Further optimization and validation, new technologies as well as studies to determine clinical and epidemiological impact of SARS-CoV-2 POC tests are needed.

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“…Home tests differ from home collection kits (eg, 23AndMe), which require individuals to self-collect samples at home, mail them to a laboratory or clinic for analysis, and obtain the results via phone or a web-based portal. The more immediate results of home testing also potentially help to avoid the spread of infections [6]. Currently, numerous biotechnical institutions are targeting new frontiers in self-diagnostic innovations for viral infections that aim to be client centered, technically robust, and financially affordable [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Consumer Engagement, Enablement, and Empowerment in Smartphone-Enabled Home-Based Diagnostic Testing for Viral Infections: Mixed Methods Study

LeRouge¹,

Durneva²,

Lyon³

et al. 2022

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

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Background Health consumers are increasingly taking a more substantial role in decision-making and self-care regarding their health. A range of digital technologies is available for laypeople to find, share, and generate health-related information that supports their health care processes. There is also innovation and interest in home testing enabled by smartphone technology (smartphone-supported home testing [smart HT]). However, few studies have focused on the process from initial engagement to acting on the test results, which involves multiple decisions. Objective This study aimed to identify and model the key factors leading to health consumers’ engagement and enablement associated with smart HT. We also explored multiple levels of health care choices resulting from health consumer empowerment and activation from smart HT use. Understanding the factors and choices associated with engagement, enablement, empowerment, and activation helps both research and practice to support the intended and optimal use of smart HT. Methods This study reports the findings from 2 phases of a more extensive pilot study of smart HT for viral infection. In these 2 phases, we used mixed methods (semistructured interviews and surveys) to shed light on the situated complexities of health consumers making autonomous decisions to engage with, perform, and act on smart HT, supporting the diagnostic aspects of their health care. Interview (n=31) and survey (n=282) participants underwent smart HT testing for influenza in earlier pilot phases. The survey also extended the viral infection context to include questions related to potential smart HT use for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Results Our resulting model revealed the smart HT engagement and enablement factors, as well as choices resulting from empowerment and activation. The model included factors leading to engagement, specifically various intrinsic and extrinsic influences. Moreover, the model included various enablement factors, including the quality of smart HT and the personal capacity to perform smart HT. The model also explores various choices resulting from empowerment and activation from the perspectives of various stakeholders (public vs private) and concerning different levels of impact (personal vs distant). Conclusions The findings provide insight into the nuanced and complex ways health consumers make decisions to engage with and perform smart HT and how they may react to positive results in terms of public-private and personal-distant dimensions. Moreover, the study illuminates the role that providers and smart HT sources can play to better support digitally engaged health consumers in the smart HT decision process.

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Home testing for COVID-19: Benefits and limitations

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Colorimetric Cotton Swab for Viral Protease Detection

Colorimetric Cotton Swab for Viral Protease Detection

Detection of Sars-Cov-2At the Point of Care

Health Consumer Engagement, Enablement, and Empowerment in Smartphone-Enabled Home-Based Diagnostic Testing for Viral Infections: Mixed Methods Study

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