Home Range, Movements, and Activity of the Dusky Salamander, Desmognathus fuscus

Barbour, Roger W.; Hardin, James W.; Schafer, James P.; Harvey, Michael J.

doi:10.2307/1442077

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Previous studies found that most stream salamanders remain close to their origin, but that directional bias of movement varies among species (Barbour and Harvey 1969;Nussbaum and Tait 1977;Lowe 2003). Our results support these general patterns.…”

Section: Movement Distance and Frequencysupporting

confidence: 89%

Coexistence in streams: do source–sink dynamics allow salamanders to persist with fish predators?

Sepulveda

Lowe

2011

Oecologia

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Theory suggests that source-sink dynamics can allow coexistence of intraguild predators and prey, but empirical evidence for this coexistence mechanism is limited. We used capture-mark-recapture, genetic methods, and stable isotopes to test whether source-sink dynamics promote coexistence between stream fishes, the intraguild predator, and stream salamanders (Dicamptodon aterrimus), the intraguild prey. Salamander populations from upstream reaches without fish were predicted to maintain or supplement sink populations in downstream reaches with fish. We found instead that downstream reaches with fish were not sinks even though fish consumed salamander larvae-apparent survival, recruitment, and population growth rate did not differ between upstream and downstream reaches. There was also no difference between upstream and downstream reaches in net emigration. We did find that D. aterrimus moved frequently along streams, but believe that this is a response to seasonal habitat changes rather than intraguild predation. Our study provides empirical evidence that local-scale mechanisms are more important than dispersal dynamics to coexistence of streams salamanders and fish. More broadly, it shows the value of empirical data on dispersal and gene flow for distinguishing between local and spatial mechanisms of coexistence.

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Section: Movement Distance and Frequencysupporting

confidence: 89%

Coexistence in streams: do source–sink dynamics allow salamanders to persist with fish predators?

Sepulveda

Lowe

2011

Oecologia

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“…We found D. fuscus was least detectable during summer months (i.e., June, July, and August) and most detectable during spring and fall months. Temporal differences in conditional capture probability have long been considered typical of stream salamander populations as surface activity is often seasonal and/or dependent on environmental conditions (Barbour et al, 1969;Ashton, 1975;Orser & Shure, 1975;Connette et al, 2011); however, our study is the first to quantify these temporal differences. The low conditional capture probabilities during June, July, and August may be the result of several factors including low levels of surface activity because of low water levels during summer months (e.g., Keen, 1984) or the relative inactivity of females during this time period due to oviposition and nest attendance (Organ, 1961;Danstedt, 1975;Juterbock, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Variation in temporary emigration among months may be due to ecological and behavioral factors. It is well-known that many stream salamanders have low energetic requirements, allowing them to spend prolonged periods underground or under cover (Petranka, 1998), with activity limited to periods of ideal abiotic conditions (Barbour et al, 1969;Ashton, 1975;Orser & Shure, 1975;Connette et al, 2011). Low levels of temporary emigration during May and June suggest a higher degree of surface activity than during other months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating survival of a streamside salamander: importance of temporary emigration, capture response, and location

et al. 2011

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Estimating survival for highly secretive aquatic animals, such as stream salamanders, presents numerous challenges. Salamanders often spend a considerable time in refugia where they are difficult to capture. Few studies have calculated vital rates for stream salamanders, yet the need is substantial as they are threatened by a wide range of land-use stressors, especially urban development. In this study, we used 34 months of continuous field samples collected at an urban and undisturbed stream and robust design markrecapture analysis to evaluate the importance of temporary emigration, capture response, and location on survival estimates of the salamander Desmognathus fuscus. We constructed a set of candidate models incorporating combinations of time-and locationvarying capture and recapture probabilities, capture responses, temporary emigration, and survival estimates and ranked models using Akaike's Information Criterion. We found strong support for monthspecific capture probabilities, recapture probabilities, temporary emigration and a negative behavioral response to capture in the majority of months. We found no support for variation in capture probabilities, recapture probabilities, and temporary emigration between locations. However, we found that location strongly influenced survival estimates. Specifically, survival estimates were significantly higher at the undisturbed site than at the urban site. Our results emphasize the importance of estimating capture probabilities, recapture probabilities, capture response, and temporary emigration when evaluating survival in highly secretive aquatic animals. Failure to account for these population parameters will likely yield biased estimates of survival in freshwater animal populations.

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“…Indeed, although dispersal and movement of terrestrial salamanders are poorly understood and infrequently quantified, five studies of similar western plethodontid salamanders revealed typical distances moved by individuals, ranging from 1.7 m (Batrachoseps attenuatus (Eschscholtz, 1833); Hendrickson 1954) to 23 m (Ensatina eschscholtzii Gray, 1850; Stebbins 1954), with a mean distance of 2.5 m (Plethodon vehiculum (Cooper, 1860); Hendrickson 1954;Stebbins 1954;Barbour et al 1969;Barthalmus and Bellis 1972;Ovaska 1988). In addition to the potential for low dispersal, a number of factors related to the reproductive biology of Larch Mountain salamanders could influence species viability when extensive habitat disturbances occur.…”

Section: Conservation Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic variation, genetic structure, and conservation unit designation in the Larch Mountain salamander (Plethodon larselli)

Wagner¹,

Miller²,

Crisafulli³

et al. 2005

Can. J. Zool.

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Miller, Mark P.; Crisafulli, Charles M.; and Haig, Susan M., "Geographic Variation, Genetic Structure, and Conservation Unit Designation in the Larch Mountain Salamander (Plethodon larselli)" (2005 Burns, 1954) is an endemic species in the Pacific northwestern United States facing threats related to habitat destruction. To facilitate development of conservation strategies, we used DNA sequences and RAPDs (random amplified polymorphic DNA) to examine differences among populations of this species. Phylogenetic analyses of cytochrome b revealed a clade of haplotypes from populations north of the Columbia River derived from a clade containing haplotypes from the river's southwestern region. Haplotypes from southeastern populations formed a separate clade. Nucleotide diversity was reduced in northern populations relative to southern populations. These results were corroborated by analyses of RAPD loci, which revealed similar patterns of clustering and diversity. Network analyses suggested that northern populations were colonized following a range expansion mediated by individuals from populations located southwest of the river. Changes in the Columbia River's location during the Pliocene and Pleistocene likely released distributional constraints on this species, permitting their northern range expansion. Based on the barrier presented by the Columbia River's present location and differences in haplotype diversity and population structure observed between northern and southern populations, we suggest that designation of separate management units encompassing each region may assist with mitigating different threats to this species.

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Home Range, Movements, and Activity of the Dusky Salamander, Desmognathus fuscus

Cited by 41 publications

References 1 publication

Coexistence in streams: do source–sink dynamics allow salamanders to persist with fish predators?

Coexistence in streams: do source–sink dynamics allow salamanders to persist with fish predators?

Estimating survival of a streamside salamander: importance of temporary emigration, capture response, and location

Geographic variation, genetic structure, and conservation unit designation in the Larch Mountain salamander (Plethodon larselli)

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