Home Range, Habitat Use, and Nocturnal Activity of Coyotes in an Urban Environment

Grinder, Martha I.; Krausman, Paul R.

doi:10.2307/3803038

Cited by 152 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This is another example how urban wild boar modulated the landscape of fear: Usually roads provide a landscape of fear and are avoided but in this case are safe for urban wild boar because the disturbance by cars is predictable. Urban wild boar can be found close to roads while rural wild boar avoided areas close to roads similar to other wildlife (Grinder and Krausman, 2001;Dowding et al, 2010;Poessel et al, 2014;Stillfried et al, 2015;Thurfjell et al, 2015). Hence, the cognitive ability of wild boar to assess risk related road proximity and adjust their behavior accordingly seems very likely.…”

Section: Distance To Human Related Landscape Types (Prediction 3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Medium-sized urban mammals such as foxes, badgers, or coyotes are increasingly studied (Gloor et al, 2001;Grinder and Krausman, 2001;Davison et al, 2008;Gehrt et al, 2009) but studies on large urban mammals are rare. Wild boar (Sus scrofa), a social mammal with a growing population throughout Europe (Massei et al, 2015;Keuling et al, 2016), is increasingly present in urban areas (Dinter, 1991;Cahill et al, 2003Cahill et al, , 2012Jansen et al, 2007;Podgorski et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secrets of Success in a Landscape of Fear: Urban Wild Boar Adjust Risk Perception and Tolerate Disturbance

et al. 2017

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In urban areas with a high level of human disturbance, wildlife has to adjust its behavior to deal with the so called "landscape of fear." This can be studied in risk perception during movement in relation to specific habitat types, whereby individuals trade-off between foraging and disturbance. Due to its high behavioral plasticity and increasing occurrence in urban environments, wild boar (Sus scrofa) is an excellent model organism to study adjustment to urbanization. With the help of GPS tracking, space use of 11 wild boar from Berlin's metropolitan region was analyzed: we aimed at understanding how animals adjust space use to deal with the landscape of fear in urban areas compared to rural areas. We compared use vs. availability with help of generalized linear mixed models. First, we studied landscape types selected by rural vs. urban wild boar, second, we analyzed distances of wild boar locations to each of the landscape types. Finally, we mapped the resulting habitat selection probability to predict hotspots of human-wildlife conflicts. A higher tolerance to disturbance in urban wild boar was shown by a one third shorter flight distance and by an increased re-use of areas close to the trap. Urban wild boar had a strong preference for natural landscapes such as swamp areas, green areas and deciduous forests, and areas with high primary productivity, as indicated by high NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) values. The areas selected by urban wild boar were often located closely to roads and houses. The spatial distribution maps show that a large area of Berlin would be suitable for urban wild boar but not their rural conspecifics, with the most likely reason being a different perception of anthropogenic disturbance. Wild boar therefore showed considerable behavioral plasticity suitable to adjust to human-dominated environments in a potentially evolutionarily adaptive manner.

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Section: Distance To Human Related Landscape Types (Prediction 3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secrets of Success in a Landscape of Fear: Urban Wild Boar Adjust Risk Perception and Tolerate Disturbance

et al. 2017

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“…For jackals to exist where human density is high requires effective avoidance of detection during daylight and the use of cover of darkness for activity in the open. Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Europe (Lucherini et al 1995) and coyotes in North America (Grinder and Krausman 2001) are also able to live in close association with humans, including in urban areas. Where golden jackals are not threatened by humans, they are more diurnal in their activity (Fuller et al 1989).…”

Section: Daytime Covermentioning

confidence: 99%

Daytime cover, diet and space-use of golden jackals (Canis aureus) in agro-ecosystems of Bangladesh

et al. 2007

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Golden jackals are locally common in Bangladesh despite intensive cultivation and high human densities. We studied the relative importance of seasonal flooding, rodent prey-base, and daytime cover on the occurrence of golden jackals in the two major agro-ecosystems in Bangladesh, one with annual monsoon flooding and the other without. Jackals were less common throughout the year where floodwaters occurred that would have excluded them for 1-3 months during their pup-rearing season. Diets of jackals were similar in the two agro-ecosystems. Rodents were the most common food type in scats throughout the year. The occurrence of burrowing rats in scats peaked seasonally when these rats were most concentrated in ripening cereals, suggesting that jackals are beneficial for rat control. Radiotelemetry of seven jackals in the non-flooded agro-ecosystem over an 11-month period indicated that sugarcane was the preferred type of daytime cover, despite representing only 2-4% of the area. There was a day-to-day return rate of 67% to the same 1-ha patch of cover. Evidently, sugarcane provides daytime cover for avoiding humans and for feeding on roof rats (Rattus rattus), which concentrate in this crop. Evidence suggests that breeding pairs of jackals were annual residents that defended cover (average of 37.3 ha) but not foraging areas beyond.

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“…Coyotes and red foxes, along with wolverines, are considered habitat and foraging generalists in northern regions, which aids in their adaptability to a variety of environmental conditions (Kamler and Gipson 2000;Grinder and Krausman 2001;Kilström 2004;Perrine 2005). Marten are also able to exploit a wide range of prey resources, but they are fairly restricted to mature forest habitat (Zielinski et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable effects of snow conditions across boreal mesocarnivore species

et al. 2016

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This is an author-produced, peer-reviewed version of this article. The final, definitive version of this document can be found online at AbstractMesocarnivores are increasingly recognized as key drivers of community dynamics, but the effects of bottom-up and abiotic factors on mesocarnivore populations remain poorly understood. We evaluated the effects of snow conditions, prey abundance, and habitat type on the distribution of five sympatric mesocarnivore species in interior Alaska using repeated snow track surveys and occupancy modelling. Snow depth and snow compaction were the best predictors of mesocarnivore occupancy, with differential effects across species. Coyotes (Canis latrans (Say, 1823)) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes L., 1758) occurred in areas of shallow, compact snow, Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis (Kerr, 1792)) occurred in areas of shallow, fluffy snow, and wolverines (Gulo gulo L., 1758) and marten (Martes americana (Turton, 1806)) occurred in areas of deep, fluffy snow. These findings indicate that altered snow conditions due to climate change may have strong direct effects on the distribution of northern mesocarnivores, with divergent effects across species.

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Home Range, Habitat Use, and Nocturnal Activity of Coyotes in an Urban Environment

Cited by 152 publications

References 36 publications

Secrets of Success in a Landscape of Fear: Urban Wild Boar Adjust Risk Perception and Tolerate Disturbance

Secrets of Success in a Landscape of Fear: Urban Wild Boar Adjust Risk Perception and Tolerate Disturbance

Daytime cover, diet and space-use of golden jackals (Canis aureus) in agro-ecosystems of Bangladesh

Variable effects of snow conditions across boreal mesocarnivore species

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