Home confinement and mental health problems during the Covid-19 pandemic among the population aged 50 and older: A gender perspective

Silva, Patrícia Maria Teixeira; Barbosa, Fátima; André, Manuela; Matos, Alice Delerue

doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100999

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…This study also highlights that economic stability of Portuguese citizens weakened during the pandemic of COVID-19 and shows that there is significantly evidence that agreement with the maintenance of the citizens’ economic stability increases with economic stability before the pandemic. These findings are in accordance with those of Andrade et al [ 41 ] that showed that the pandemic has had a significant impact on finances and relationships. In addition, it has also been shown that this financial stress may impact both couple and family well-being and relationships in a variety of ways [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…It has been reported that the pandemic may be portrayed as a stressful situation in the face of the major disruptions in family and working lives, with impacts on the emotional and physical well-being of the citizens (e.g. [ 41 , 44 , 45 ].). COVID-19 and the associated lockdowns and changes in lifestyle have increased stress, and even conflict, within relationships, have cause financial stress, reduction in healthcare access, and many other changes that impact life satisfaction and well-being.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health and well-being of the Portuguese citizens: impacts of the COVID-19

Ferreira,

Pereira,

Ferreira

2023

J Patient Rep Outcomes

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Background COVID-19 pandemic placed unprecedented pressure on societies and healthcare systems around the world. Over the last years, measures imposed in almost all countries dealing with the pandemic sent the entire world into an extensive crisis and thus into a deep global recession. Since the outbreak began, many European countries have faced three/four waves of pandemic. Portugal has mainly dealt with three waves (March/April’2020; October/November’2020; January/February’2021), the third being the deadliest one. The purpose of this article is to provide evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 on health-related quality of life (HRQol) and well-being (W-B) of Portuguese citizens. It aims to (i) characterize these outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic; (ii) compare them to pre-COVID-19 Portuguese population; and (iii) identify the social determinants that may affect these outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This study used data from a survey that collected data on HRQoL, W-B, satisfaction with life, economic and labour impacts, access to healthcare, mental and physical health, amongst others. The survey was implemented by telephone to a representative random sample of 1,255 respondents from the general adult Portuguese population, stratified by sex, age group and region. Data was collected during the end of the second national lockdown. For comparison purposes, we have also used two other representative databases from the general Portuguese population: (i) data from before the pandemic (n = 1,006); and (ii) data from a survey conducted during the first lockdown, (n = 904). Results Looking at health and access to healthcare, 4% of citizens had their surgeries postponed or cancelled because of COVID-19, more than a quarter had medical appointments or complementary exams postponed or cancelled, with 7% over 65 years old with surgeries cancelled or postponed and 32% medical appointments. COVID-19 pandemic also impacted negatively on the HRQoL of citizens, especially in the first lockdown. Half of the respondents reported feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge, about 45% of citizens felt sad or depressed. Sleeping problems were reported for almost 39% of citizens, and loneliness is reported by 29% of citizens. For about 70–85% of citizens, these feelings were more so than before the pandemic. Citizens with fair/strong economic stability were the most economically affected by the pandemic. Conclusions We provided evidence on the impact of COVID-19 on health and W-B of Portuguese citizens. Their health was worse than before the pandemic and the access to healthcare was highly affected.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and well-being of the Portuguese citizens: impacts of the COVID-19

Ferreira,

Pereira,

Ferreira

2023

J Patient Rep Outcomes

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“…Our cross-sectional study “Family amid COVID-19 survey 1” (FamCov-1) in May 2020 showed that Hong Kong adults who perceived harms rather than benefits from the pandemic reported low levels of happiness ( 7 ). However, previous studies have mainly focused on factors at the individual level, overlooking the importance of family, which serves as the immediate setting for individuals to shape and develop their cognitions and emotions ( 8 , 9 ), particularly when family members are confined at home during the pandemic ( 10 ). Moreover, it is unclear about the potential mediator and moderator underlying the associations between individual and family factors and psychological distress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family context as a double-edged sword for psychological distress amid the COVID-19 pandemic with the mediating effect of individual fear and the moderating effect of household income

Chen

Gong

Lai

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic drives psychological distress. Previous studies have mostly focused on individual determinants but overlooked family factors. The present study aimed to examine the associations of individual and family factors with psychological distress, and the mediating effect of individual fear and the moderating role of household income on the above associations.MethodsWe conducted a population-based cross-sectional survey on Chinese adults in Hong Kong from February to March 2021 (N = 2,251) to measure the independent variables of anti-epidemic fatigue, anti-epidemic confidence, individual and family members’ fear of COVID-19, and family well-being (range 0–10), and the dependent variable of psychological distress (through four-item Patient Health Questionnaire, range 0–4).ResultsHierarchical regression showed that anti-epidemic fatigue was positively (β = 0.23, 95% CI [0.18, 0.28]) while anti-epidemic confidence was negatively (β = −0.29, 95% CI [−0.36, −0.22]) associated with psychological distress. Family members’ fear of COVID-19 was positively (β = 0.11, 95% CI [0.05, 0.16]) while family well-being was negatively (β = −0.57, 95% CI [−0.63, −0.51]) associated with psychological distress. Structural equation model showed that individual fear mediated the above associations except for family well-being. Multi-group analyses showed a non-significant direct effect of anti-epidemic confidence and a slightly stronger direct effect of family well-being on psychological distress among participants with lower incomes, compared to those with higher incomes.ConclusionWe have first reported the double-edged effect of family context on psychological distress, with the positive association between family members’ fear of COVID-19 and psychological distress fully mediated by individual fear and the negative association between family well-being and psychological distress moderated by income level. Future studies are warranted to investigate how the contagion of fear develops in the family and how the inequality of family resources impacts family members’ mental health amid the pandemic.

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“…In this regard, much research has shown high levels of depression, as in the case of older people in residential care in Israel [ 60 ], New Zealanders of European origin [ 104 ], in Malaysia [ 105 ], and in the US [ 106 ]. Depression has also been reported in the older-adult population in community-dwelling [ 107 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, women reported a higher number of diseases and medication intake than men ( p -value ≤ 0.05). In the family-dwelling population, older women have been known to be more housebound than men [ 107 ], derived from their greater commitment to household and caregiving activities [ 117 ]. In relation to marital status, being single or widowed increased the likelihood of having a low rating with all residential environment elements (model 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential Environment Assessment by Older Adults in Nursing Homes during COVID-19 Outbreak

Rojo-Pérez

Rodríguez-Rodríguez

Fernández-Mayoralas

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The most vulnerable residential settings during the COVID-19 pandemic were older adult’s nursing homes, which experienced high rates of incidence and death from this cause. This paper aims to ascertain how institutionalized older people assessed their residential environment during the pandemic and to examine the differences according to personal and contextual characteristics. The COVID-19 Nursing Homes Survey (Madrid region, Spain) was used. The residential environment assessment scale (EVAER) and personal and contextual characteristics were selected. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis were applied. The sample consisted of 447 people (mean age = 83.8, 63.1% = women, 50.8% = widowed, 40% = less than primary studies). Four residential assessment subscales (relationships, mobility, residential aspects, privacy space) and three clusters according to residential rating (medium-high with everything = 71.5% of cases, low with mobility = 15.4%, low with everything = 13.1%) were obtained. The logistic regression models for each cluster category showed to be statistically significant. Showing a positive affect (OR = 1.08), fear of COVID-19 (OR = 1.06), high quality of life (OR = 1.05), not having suspicion of depression (OR = 0.75) and performing volunteer activities (OR = 3.67) were associated with the largest cluster. It is concluded that a better residential evaluation was related to more favourable personal and contextual conditions. These results can help in the design of nursing homes for older adults in need of accommodation and care to facilitate an age-friendly environment.

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Home confinement and mental health problems during the Covid-19 pandemic among the population aged 50 and older: A gender perspective

Cited by 6 publications

References 52 publications

Health and well-being of the Portuguese citizens: impacts of the COVID-19

Health and well-being of the Portuguese citizens: impacts of the COVID-19

Family context as a double-edged sword for psychological distress amid the COVID-19 pandemic with the mediating effect of individual fear and the moderating effect of household income

Residential Environment Assessment by Older Adults in Nursing Homes during COVID-19 Outbreak

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