Home cage activity and activity-based measures of anxiety in 129P3/J, 129X1/SvJ and C57BL/6J mice

Tang, Xiangdong; Sanford, Larry D.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.10.017

Cited by 58 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Similar patterns of intermittent locomotion have been observed in rodents exploring novel laboratory environments (42) and are also common in natural environments (43). Despite the prevalence of such movement patterns, procedures for capturing their basic features had not previously been developed for home cage behavioral assessment (1,(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(16)(17)(18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The functions and interactions of these systems result in the coordinated organization of multiple behaviors (3-5). Although several sophisticated approaches for automated behavioral data collection and home cage monitoring exist, they do not employ algorithms that quantitatively capture the rich temporal and spatial structure of diverse behaviors that occur over multiple time scales (1,(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).As a first step in examining this structure, we made use of the observation that in natural environments animals typically alternate between two major discrete states, active and inactive (20)(21)(22). During active states (ASs), animals engage in behaviors such as foraging and patrolling within a regularly traversed home range.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The functions and interactions of these systems result in the coordinated organization of multiple behaviors (3)(4)(5). Although several sophisticated approaches for automated behavioral data collection and home cage monitoring exist, they do not employ algorithms that quantitatively capture the rich temporal and spatial structure of diverse behaviors that occur over multiple time scales (1,(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A robust automated system elucidates mouse home cage behavioral structure

Goulding

Schenk

Juneja

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

145

142

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Patterns of behavior exhibited by mice in their home cages reflect the function and interaction of numerous behavioral and physiological systems. Detailed assessment of these patterns thus has the potential to provide a powerful tool for understanding basic aspects of behavioral regulation and their perturbation by disease processes. However, the capacity to identify and examine these patterns in terms of their discrete levels of organization across diverse behaviors has been difficult to achieve and automate. Here, we describe an automated approach for the quantitative characterization of fundamental behavioral elements and their patterns in the freely behaving mouse. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by identifying unique features of home cage behavioral structure and changes in distinct levels of behavioral organization in mice with single gene mutations altering energy balance. The robust, automated, reproducible quantification of mouse home cage behavioral structure detailed here should have wide applicability for the study of mammalian physiology, behavior, and disease.circadian ͉ ingestion ͉ obesity ͉ phenotyping M olecular genetic approaches for manipulating gene expression and neural activity in mice, combined with the elucidation of the mouse genome, provide unprecedented opportunities for the investigation of diverse behavioral processes in the context of a mammalian system. While substantial insights have been gained through the application of existing behavioral assays, many of these examine behavior over a limited time window and focus on a single behavioral domain (1, 2). To complement such approaches, we developed an automated, readily-standardized quantitative approach for elucidating the complex organization of diverse behaviors exhibited by mice in their home cages.We focused on mice in their home cages because the organization of behavior in freely acting animals provides a window into the central integration of numerous behavioral and physiological systems (e.g., energy balance, thermal status, osmotic/volume status, sleep, reproduction, defense, and environmental entrainment). The functions and interactions of these systems result in the coordinated organization of multiple behaviors (3-5). Although several sophisticated approaches for automated behavioral data collection and home cage monitoring exist, they do not employ algorithms that quantitatively capture the rich temporal and spatial structure of diverse behaviors that occur over multiple time scales (1,(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).As a first step in examining this structure, we made use of the observation that in natural environments animals typically alternate between two major discrete states, active and inactive (20)(21)(22). During active states (ASs), animals engage in behaviors such as foraging and patrolling within a regularly traversed home range. During inactive states (ISs), animals return to a refuge (nest, burrow, or home base) and engage in behaviors such as rest and sleep (23-26). These...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A robust automated system elucidates mouse home cage behavioral structure

Goulding

Schenk

Juneja

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

145

142

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“…[4][5][6][7][8], and recent studies have started to show the utility of such systems with transgenic mice (e.g., ref. 9).…”

Section: Automated Behavioral Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous behavioral characterizations: Embracing complexity

Paylor¹

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Hindleg rearing has been attributed to anxiety and stress (55), and, interestingly, there is a direct relationship between dietary fat and the stress response. In rat pups, high levels of milk fat have been found to reduce their response to stress.…”

Section: -Test) Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive immunization of lactating mice with stanniocalcin-1 antiserum reduces mammary gland development, milk fat content, and postnatal pup growth

Zaidi¹,

James²,

Wagner³

2006

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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. Passive immunization of lactating mice with stanniocalcin-1 antiserum reduces mammary gland development, milk fat content, and postnatal pup growth. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 291: E974 -E981, 2006. First published June 13, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00601.2005.-During pregnancy and lactation in rodents, stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) production by the ovaries is upregulated markedly and released into the circulation. The mammary glands are one target of this systemically delivered hormone. The purpose of this study was to lower serum levels of STC-1 in lactating mice through passive immunization so as to monitor the effects on mammary gland function and postnatal pup growth. Passive immunization significantly reduced circulating hormone levels, and pup growth was significantly compromised (30%), even though control and experimental litters had ingested equal amounts of milk. When mammary glands were analyzed, the alveolar area was significantly reduced in antibody-treated mothers. An analysis of milk composition revealed no changes in lactose, protein, or electrolyte levels but an ϳ40% reduction in triglyceride levels. The latter was due to a significant reduction in mammary gland lipoprotein lipase activity and led to a significant buildup of triglycerides in the serum. Body fat content was also significantly reduced in pups from antibody-treated mothers, whereas pup fecal fat content was increased. In mothers, passive immunization also caused significant behavioral effects, in particular, increased locomotor and hindleg rearing activities. Collectively, the results suggest that systemically derived STC-1 has important effects on mammary gland development and the transfer of serum-based triglycerides into milk. Locomotor effects suggest that STC-1 also has a role in maternal behavior. development; lipoprotein lipase; behavior IN RODENTS, THE OVARIES HAVE THE HIGHEST LEVELS of stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) gene expression. The gene is expressed predominantly by androgen-producing theca cells and interstitial cells. During nonpregnancy, ovarian STC-1 appears to be targeted locally to nearby corpus luteal cells, which contain high levels of receptors and where the ligand has pronounced inhibitory effects on progesterone release (38). An endocrine pathway becomes operative during pregnancy and lactation. In the pregnant mouse, the levels of ovarian STC-1 gene expression are upregulated 15-fold (10). Expression levels drop at parturition and then rise and remain high throughout the lactation phase. In parallel, serum levels of STC-1 rise and fall in concert with the changing levels of ovarian expression (10).During lactation, the high levels of ovarian STC-1 expression are sustained by the sucking stimulus, implying that the hormone is being targeted to the mammary glands. This notion has recently been given credence in studies on virgin, pregnant, and lactating rats (16). The virgin rat mammary gland has high levels of STC-1 receptors and also expresses the STC-1 gene. The majority of receptors are on microsomal membranes ...

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Home cage activity and activity-based measures of anxiety in 129P3/J, 129X1/SvJ and C57BL/6J mice

Cited by 58 publications

References 51 publications

A robust automated system elucidates mouse home cage behavioral structure

A robust automated system elucidates mouse home cage behavioral structure

Simultaneous behavioral characterizations: Embracing complexity

Passive immunization of lactating mice with stanniocalcin-1 antiserum reduces mammary gland development, milk fat content, and postnatal pup growth

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