Home-based self-measurement of blood pressure: a proposal using new reference values (the PURAS study)

Abstract

The self-measured BP at home values found in this study, when defining hypertension, are lower than values currently accepted (135/85 mmHg). Long-term studies are necessary to confirm these results.

Differences of blood pressure measured at clinic versus at home in the morning and in the evening in Europe and Asia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…In total, 35 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Among the included studies, 22 studies contained both home morning and evening BP values, 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 whereas 13 studies contained only home morning BP values. 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 10 studies were conducted in European countries.…”

“… 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 10 studies were conducted in European countries. 6 , 7 , 8 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 22 , 25 whereas 25 studies were conducted in Asian countries 9 , 10 , 11 , 20 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 (22 in Japan). 9 , 10 , 11 , 20 , 21 ,…”

“…Among the included studies, 22 studies contained both home morning and evening BP values, 6–11,15–30 whereas 13 studies contained only home morning BP values 31–43 . 10 studies were conducted in European countries 6–8,15–19,22,25 . whereas 25 studies were conducted in Asian countries 9–11,20,21,23,24,26–43 (22 in Japan) 9–11,20,21,23,24,26,27,29,31,33–43 .…”

“…31-43 10 studies were conducted in European countries. [6][7][8][15][16][17][18][19]22,25 whereas 25 studies were conducted in Asian countries 9-11,20,21,23,24,26-43 (22 in Japan). [9][10][11]20,21,23,24,26,27,29,31,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] A total of 49 432 patients were examined, and study populations varied from unselected groups to populations with hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes, etc.…”

Considering the Inclusion of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Markers in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics

“…For example, “white coat hypertension,” typically thought of as a transient increase in blood pressure brought about by the anxiety associated with medical personnel, could also affect readings taken by interviewers. Perhaps most troubling is that numerous studies comparing measurements taken at home with those taken at a clinic suggest substantial discrepancies between the two: many studies reveal higher measurements at the clinic (e.g., Divison, Sanchis, Artigao, et al 2004; Narkiewicz 2007), but this is not always the case – e.g., the SEBAS study in Taiwan found that the home readings were higher than those taken at a hospital several weeks later, with correlations equal to about 0.6 between the two sets of readings. In addition, there is evidence from a study that used blood pressure devices with memory storage that, if respondents are asked to take their own measurements, they may alter the true readings or report fictitious ones (Bachmann, Steurer, Holm, & Vetter 2002).…”