Home-based informal jewelry production increases exposure of working families to cadmium

Salles, Fernanda Junqueira; Tavares, David Johnson Braga; Freire, Bruna Moreira; Ferreira, Ana Paula Sacone da Silva; Handakas, Evangelos; Batista, Bruno Lemos; Olympio, Kelly Polido Kaneshiro

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147297

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The analyzer was placed close to the material for 30 s with the trigger pulled [ 22 ] and readings were stored in the device until being downloaded to its program software, Standard Thermo Scientific™ Niton Data Transfer (NDT™). Additionally, for quality control, the device was calibrated, every time it was turned on, by standardization and measurement of a specific stainless-steel alloy (alloy 316) [ 13 ] and was previously calibrated by the manufacturer before commencement of the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exposure scenario is complex, with multiple sources of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTE), such as chrome (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), antimony (Sn), and lead (Pb). Workers, and especially their children, are exposed to occupational exposure levels [ 12 , 13 ]. Moreover, most workers engaged in soldering and similar activities do not use personal protective equipment (PPE) [ 12 ], further increasing exposure levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Low-Cost Method Shows Potentially Toxic Element Levels in Dust Correlated with Elevated Blood Levels of These Chemicals in Children Exposed to an Informal Home-Based Production Environment

Barrozo

Almeida

Luz

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Dust is recognized as a route of exposure to environmental pollutants. The city of Limeira, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, is a production center for jewelry and fashion jewelry, where part of this jewelry production is home-based, informal, and outsourced. The aim of this study was to evaluate exposure to Potentially Toxic Elements (PTE: Cr, Sn, Mn, Sb, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and As) in dust among children from households of informal workers using electrostatic dust cloths (EDC). Dust samples were collected in 21 exposed and 23 control families using EDC from surfaces where dust deposits had accumulated for approximately 14 days. In exposed families, dust samples were also collected from welders’ workstations. PTE concentrations were then determined using inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results raised concerns in relation to Cr, As, and Cd exposure among children within the informal home-based production environment. Blood PTE concentrations in children showed a moderate correlation with levels of Cr (Rho 0.40), Zn (Rho −0.43), and As (Rho 0.40), and a strong correlation with Cd (Rho 0.80) (p < 0.05), detected in dust. In conclusion, analyzing dust collected using EDC proved a potentially low-cost tool for determining PTE in dust. In addition, the results confirmed that informal home-based work poses a risk for children residing in these households. Public policies are needed to assist these families and promote better conditions of occupational health and safety for the whole family.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Cost Method Shows Potentially Toxic Element Levels in Dust Correlated with Elevated Blood Levels of These Chemicals in Children Exposed to an Informal Home-Based Production Environment

Barrozo

Almeida

Luz

et al. 2022

IJERPH

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Informal jewelry production also increases the families’ exposure to cadmium in the workers’ household environment, as indicated by a higher level of cadmium in workers’ urine [ 152 ]. The environment can also be affected by irregular and illegal discharge of chemical residues arising from informal home-based work with jewelry [ 152 ]. Young people and adolescents involved in informal jewelry work tend to sleep less and to lose leisure time and study hours [ 148 ].…”

Section: Identification Of Osh Aspects Of Decent Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Safety and Health Staging Framework for Decent Work

Schulte

Iavicoli

Fontana

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The 2030 United Nations Goal 8 for sustainable development focuses on decent work. There is utility in identifying the occupational safety and health aspects of Goal 8, as they pertain to the four pillars of decent work: job creation, social protection, rights of workers, and social dialogue. A workgroup of the International Commission on Occupational Health and collaborators addressed the issue of decent work and occupational safety and health (OSH) with the objective of elaborating a framework for guidance for practitioners, researchers, employers, workers, and authorities. This article presents that framework, which is based on an examination of the literature and the perspectives of the workgroup. The framework encompasses the intersection of the pillars of decent (employment creation, social protection, rights of workers, and social dialogue) work with new and emerging hazards and risks related to various selected determinants: new technologies and new forms of work; demographics (aging and gender); globalization; informal work; migration; pandemics; and OSH policies and climate change. The OSH field will need an expanded focus to address the future of decent work. This focus should incorporate the needs of workers and workforces in terms of their well-being. The framework identifies a starting point for the OSH community to begin to promote decent work.

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“…With regard to Cd, the main toxicological effects include renal damage, hypertension, emphysema, malformation, and impaired reproductive function (Magna et al 2014). Exposure to Cd can take place through occupational activities involving contact with the metal (OSHA 2013, Salles et al 2021) and by ingesting foods contaminated by this element (Rahimzadeh et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of controlled migration of cadmium and lead into foods from plastic utensils for children

Pereira

Leroux

Luz

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Lead is a highly neurotoxic chemical element known for reducing intelligence quotient (IQ) and promoting antisocial behavior in children and adolescents, while cadmium is a carcinogenic bioaccumulative element. Contaminated foods and beverages are the most common routes of exposure. The objective of this study was to determine Cd and Pb concentrations in colored plastic utensils for use by children and to measure the speci c migration of these elements into beverages and foods. Pb and Cd concentrations were determined using a handheld XRF. Speci c migration tests were conducted using the simulant solutions. Migration levels were determined by ICP-MS and migration tests for Pb were also performed on actual samples GF-AAS determination. Utensils (n=87) were purchased for containing Cd and/or Pb concentrations above permitted limits. The mean of Pb and Cd were 1110 and 338 ppm respectively. For speci c migration assays, Pb levels were 187, 13 and 380 times above the permitted limit for acetic acid, water and orange juice, respectively. Cd levels 50 and 2.4 times above the permitted limit for acetic acid and water, respectively. The districts where the utensils were purchased were grouped according to their Social Vulnerability Index and compared using ANOVA. Results revealed a group difference in mean Pb levels for low versus medium/high social vulnerability (p = 0.006). The ndings corroborate the initial hypothesis that these utensils constitute a major source of exposure to PTEs such as Cd and Pb.

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Home-based informal jewelry production increases exposure of working families to cadmium

Cited by 19 publications

References 48 publications

A Low-Cost Method Shows Potentially Toxic Element Levels in Dust Correlated with Elevated Blood Levels of These Chemicals in Children Exposed to an Informal Home-Based Production Environment

A Low-Cost Method Shows Potentially Toxic Element Levels in Dust Correlated with Elevated Blood Levels of These Chemicals in Children Exposed to an Informal Home-Based Production Environment

Occupational Safety and Health Staging Framework for Decent Work

Study of controlled migration of cadmium and lead into foods from plastic utensils for children

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