Holography and hydrodynamics: diffusion on stretched horizons

Kovtun, Pavel; Son, D.; Starinets, Andrei O.

doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2003/10/064

Cited by 690 publications

(1,189 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…P = ε/3 and ζ = 0 follow just from conformal invariance. 4πη/s = 1 for the fluid in any non-Abelian gauge theory with a dual gravitational description, in the strong coupling and large-N c limit [34][35][36][37]. Note that the stress-energy tensor depends on symmetric combinations of the fluid gradients ∂ α u β and is independent of the fluid vorticityω…”

Section: Gravitational Description Of a Moving Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By rearranging terms we have found a more compact version of this expression: 35) JHEP02 (2014)068 where U µ ≡ u µ +sw µ denotes the component of fluid 4−velocity u µ that is perpendicular to the heavy quark 4−velocity w µ . This (deceptively) compact expression for the drag force arising due to fluid gradients at first order is the main result of this paper.…”

Section: Jhep02(2014)068mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of fluid velocity gradients on heavy quark energy loss

Lekaveckas

Rajagopal

2014

J. High Energ. Phys.

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Abstract:We use holographic duality to analyze the drag force on, and consequent energy loss of, a heavy quark moving through a strongly coupled conformal fluid with non-vanishing gradients in its velocity and temperature. We derive the general expression for the drag force to first order in the fluid gradients. Using this general expression, we show that a quark that is instantaneously at rest, relative to the fluid, in a fluid whose velocity is changing with time feels a nonzero force. And, we show that for a quark that is moving ultra-relativistically, the first order gradient "corrections" become larger than the zeroth order drag force, suggesting that the gradient expansion may be unreliable in this regime. We illustrate the importance of the fluid gradients for heavy quark energy loss by considering a fluid with one-dimensional boost invariant Bjorken expansion as well as the strongly coupled plasma created by colliding sheets of energy.

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Section: Gravitational Description Of a Moving Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Jhep02(2014)068mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fluid velocity gradients on heavy quark energy loss

Lekaveckas

Rajagopal

2014

J. High Energ. Phys.

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“…See [52] for case (iii). A quite general formula for the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density was first derived in [53] and reproduced by different methods in [54].…”

Section: Gauge/gravity Correspondencementioning

confidence: 99%

Viscous Properties of Strongly Interacting Matter at High Temperature

Kapusta

2010

Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics

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Substantial collective flow is observed in collisions between large nuclei at high energy, and the data are well-reproduced by perfect fluid dynamics. In a separate development, calculation of the dimensionless ratio of shear viscosity η to entropy density within AdS/CFT yields η/s = 1/4π, which has been conjectured to be a lower bound for any physical system. It is shown that the transition from hadrons to quarks and gluons has behavior similar to helium, nitrogen, and water at and near their phase transitions in the ratio η/s. Conversely, there are indications that the ratio of bulk viscosity ζ to entropy density may have a maximum in the vicinity of the phase transition. Therefore it is possible that experimental measurements can pinpoint the location of the transition or rapid crossover in QCD via the ratios η/s and ζ/s in addition to and independently of the equation of state.

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“…In a series of papers [9,26,28,29,31,32,34,35] an identification of hydrodynamic modes with gravity objects was achieved leading to a detailed gravity description of the hydrodynamics in a strongly coupled fluid. Recently this framework has been extended to second order hydrodynamics [93,94,95,96].…”

Section: More Phenomenology From Ads/cftmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also restate the neccessary assumptions and put down the most important formulae. A detailed derivation can be found in [31] while a review of the complete subject may be found in [9].…”

Section: Membrane Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holographic quark gluon plasma with flavor

Kaminski

2009

Fortschritte der Physik

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In this work I explore theoretical and phenomenological implications of chemical potentials and charge densities inside a strongly coupled thermal plasma, using the gauge/gravity correspondence. Strong coupling effects discovered in this model theory are interpreted geometrically and may be taken as qualitative predictions for heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC. In particular I examine the thermodynamics, spectral functions, transport coefficients and the phase diagram of the strongly coupled plasma. For example stable mesons, which are the analogs of the QCD Rho-mesons, are found to survive beyond the deconfinement transition. This paper is based on partly unpublished work performed in the context of my PhD thesis. New results and ideas extending significantly beyond those published until now are stressed.

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Holography and hydrodynamics: diffusion on stretched horizons

Cited by 690 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of fluid velocity gradients on heavy quark energy loss

Effects of fluid velocity gradients on heavy quark energy loss

Viscous Properties of Strongly Interacting Matter at High Temperature

Holographic quark gluon plasma with flavor

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