Holograms as optical branching elements

Holographic coupler–optical fiber system: mathematical model for the coupling optimization

“…Then values of -0. 25 were found for the holocoupler-optical fiber system (ET X ei = 0.65 X 0.39 = 0.25), which can be compared with a value of 0.24 for a 1oX microscope objective (ET X i = Several other authors have developed various types of transmission holocoupler for various purposes, such as in optical integrated circuits, 3 4 branching holocouplers, 5 holocouplers for single-mode fibers, 6 multiple holocouplers, 2 as well as reflection holocouplers. 7 Generally speaking, recording is optimized by using a volume hologram allowing the storage of a large amount of information.…”

“…The case of an electric field polarization parallel to the fiber axis is useful for the determination of the fiber parameters.1 5 The general differential wave equation reduces to the following for the total electric field [0,0,E(p)], which is parallel to X 3 (TM wave):…”

“…5 The transmittance of the recorded hologram is defined, and a final condition is obtained for the reconstruction process. This is expressed as an inequality representing the compensation in the phase of the field diffracted by the hologram at the entrance face of the second fiber.…”

Design and fabrication of different types of holographic lenses, with analysis of their imagery and aberration

“…HOEs are emerging as viable alternatives to conventional optical elements in many applications due to their light weight, low cost and simple fabrication technique [42][43][44][45][46]. They have potential applications in optical and opto-electronic systems such as imaging applications (coherent imaging, broadband imaging, white light imaging) [47][48][49][50][51][52], non-imaging applications (filters, solar concentrators) [53,54], optical information processing (pattern recognition, information encoding, optical interconnection, optical switching, phase shifting and modulation) [55][56][57][58], optical-fiber communications (wavelength multiplexers, de-multiplexers, couplers and branching elements) [59][60][61][62], optical scanners (bar-code readers, facsimile systems, computer printers, point-of-sale-scanners and laser displays) [63,64], optical sensors (finger print sensors, humidity and temperature sensors) [65,66], optical disc pickup heads (compact audio and video disc players and computer disc drives) [67,68], optical beam shaping [69], optical micromanipulation [70], defense applications (holographic head-up displays, weapon sights, night vision glasses) [71][72][73][74], conical scanning lidar telescopes [75], laser doppler anemometry [76] and many others [77][78][79]…”