“…These properties make polarization gratings useful for numerous optical applications related to polarization discrimination (Davis et al, 2001;Asatryan et al, 2004), control (Nikolova et al, 1997;Hasman et al, 2002), and measurement (Gori, 1999;Provenzano et al, 2006). Polarization gratings can be fabricated by holographic exposure with polarized interference light in photoanisotropic media such as azobenzene-containing polymer (azopolymer) films Ebralidze et al, 1992;Huang and Wagner, 1993;Samui, 2008). Since azobenzene molecules reorient in accordance with polarization of light resulting from trans-cis-trans photoisomerization reactions, periodic structures are formed as spatial distribution of the molecular orientation by holographic recording using vectrial light (i.e., by vector holography).…”