Holocene variability of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies in Argentinean Patagonia (52°S)

Mayr, Christoph; Wille, Michael; Haberzettl, Torsten; Fey, Michael; Janssen, Saskia; Lücke, Andreas; Ohlendorf, Christian; Oliva, Gabriel; Schäbitz, Frank; Schleser, Gerhard H.; Zolitschka, Bernd

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.11.013

Cited by 131 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In fact, marine studies in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean (Nielsen et al, 2004) and land-based studies in South America imply that the westerlies intensified after 9000 cal. yrs BP (Mayr et al, 2007). Temperature reconstructions from Antarctic ice cores show that the Holocene thermal optimum came to an end at about this time (Epica Community Members, 2004;Masson et al, 2000) (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

South Atlantic island record reveals a South Atlantic response to the 8.2 kyr event

et al. 2008

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Abstract.One of the most distinct climate fluctuations during the Holocene is the short and rapid event centred around 8200 years ago, the 8.2 kyr event, which was most likely triggered by glacial melt-water forcing from the receding Laurentide ice-sheet. Evidence for this cooling has primarily been reported from sites around the North Atlantic, but an increasing number of observations imply a more widespread occurrence. Palaeoclimate archives from the Southern Hemisphere have hitherto failed to uncover a distinct climatic anomaly associated with the 8.2 kyr event. Here we present a lake sediment record from Nightingale Island in the central South Atlantic showing enhanced precipitation between 8275 and 8025 cal. yrs BP, most likely as a consequence of increased sea surface temperature (SST). We show that this is consistent with climate model projections of a warming of the South Atlantic in response to reduced north-ward energy transport during the 8.2 kyr event.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

South Atlantic island record reveals a South Atlantic response to the 8.2 kyr event

et al. 2008

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“…Today, as during much of the Quaternary, strong westerly winds and the orographic influence of the north-south trending Andes result in high precipitation on the western side of the Andes and relatively low precipitation on the lee side. Conditions were more arid during the early Holocene when the westerlies were weaker (Mayr et al, 2007), and may have been up to 6 • C cooler due to cooler ocean currents (Lamy et al, 2004). To better understand how these cooler, more arid conditions may have affected the mass balance of the icefields, a closer look at the response of these outlet glaciers to recent climatic changes is needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deriving mass balance and calving variations from reanalysis data and sparse observations, Glaciar San Rafael, northern Patagonia, 1950–2005

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Mass balance variations of Glaciar San Rafael, the northernmost tidewater glacier in the Southern Hemisphere, are reconstructed over the period 1950-2005 using NCEP-NCAR reanalysis climate data together with sparse, local historical observations of air temperature, precipitation, accumulation, ablation, thinning, calving, and glacier retreat. The combined observations over the past 50 yr indicate that Glaciar San Rafael has thinned and retreated since 1959, with a total mass loss of ∼22 km 3 of ice eq. Over that period, except for a short period of cooling from 1998-2003, the climate has become progressively warmer and drier, which has resulted primarily in pervasive thinning of the glacier surface and a decrease in calving rates, with only minor acceleration in retreat of the terminus. A comparison of calving fluxes derived from the mass balance variations and from theoretical calving and sliding laws suggests that calving rates are inversely correlated with retreat rates, and that terminus geometry is more important than balance fluxes to the terminus in driving calving dynamics. For Glaciar San Rafael, regional climate warming has not yet resulted in the significant changes in glacier length seen in other calving glaciers in the region, emphasizing the complex dynamics between climate inputs, topographic constraints and glacier response in calving glacier systems.

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“…A recent time series of precipitation measurements (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005) at LPA shows that easterly wind directions (from the South Atlantic) are often combined with precipitation, whereas west winds carry considerable less moisture per rainfall event (Mayr et al, 2007b). Easterly wind directions can be caused by atmospheric blocking of the SHWs, which are more likely during winter seasons (Schneider et al, 2003;Garreaud et al, 2013).…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodic 1.5 ka climate variations during MIS 2 in the belt of Southern Hemispheric westerlies

Kliem¹,

Baumgarten

Gebhardt

et al. 2017

Quat. res.

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Lacustrine sediments retrieved from Laguna Potrok Aike in the framework of the Potrok Aike Maar Lake Sediment Archive Drilling Project (PASADO) offer the possibility to investigate climate variations of the past~51 cal ka BP in Southern Hemispheric midlatitudes, Argentinean Patagonia. This study focuses on short-term cyclicities in the Ca and magnetic susceptibility data sets between 51 and 15 cal ka BP. The record yields a climate pattern with a periodicity of 1.5 ka during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 2 (MIS 2) detected in the Southern Hemisphere from 31 to 17 cal ka BP for the first time. MIS 2 is known for constantly cold temperatures, whereas prominent climate variations paced by a 1.5 ka periodicity occurred during MIS 3. Our study documents that minor latitudinal oscillations of the Southern Hemispheric westerlies and the polar easterlies with a 1.5 ka periodicity also took place during MIS 2. However, we assume that because of a major northward displacement of the Southern Hemispheric westerlies, these oscillations did not sufficiently affect the zone of Circumpolar Deep Waters and an increased greenhouse effect by upwelling of CO 2 -rich deep waters did not occur. This mechanism illustrates why prominent climate events fail to appear during MIS 2.

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Holocene variability of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies in Argentinean Patagonia (52°S)

Cited by 131 publications

References 28 publications

South Atlantic island record reveals a South Atlantic response to the 8.2 kyr event

South Atlantic island record reveals a South Atlantic response to the 8.2 kyr event

Deriving mass balance and calving variations from reanalysis data and sparse observations, Glaciar San Rafael, northern Patagonia, 1950–2005

Periodic 1.5 ka climate variations during MIS 2 in the belt of Southern Hemispheric westerlies

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