Holocene valley incision in the southern Bükk foreland: Climate-human-environment interferences in northern Hungary

Eneolithic textile production (Eneolitička proizvodnja tekstila)

“…Therefore, to follow the track of the woolly sheep in Europe it is necessary to include research on ancient landscapes (Becker et al 2016: 103). The results of the study on the mid-Holocene herding-related landscape change (Schumacher et al 2016a;2016b) provide additional arguments for the early wool use, supporting the idea that it might have started during the 4 th millennium BC. Schumacher's analysis (2015;2016a;2016b) suggests that the emerging use of secondary animal products did not cause large-scale landscape disturbances in South East and Central Europe, whereas landscapes seem to have been resilient enough to withstand early grazing pressure, although the initial intensification of herding activities can be traced in environmental records.…”

“…The results of the study on the mid-Holocene herding-related landscape change (Schumacher et al 2016a;2016b) provide additional arguments for the early wool use, supporting the idea that it might have started during the 4 th millennium BC. Schumacher's analysis (2015;2016a;2016b) suggests that the emerging use of secondary animal products did not cause large-scale landscape disturbances in South East and Central Europe, whereas landscapes seem to have been resilient enough to withstand early grazing pressure, although the initial intensification of herding activities can be traced in environmental records. During the Neolithic period, low herding impact was indicated throughout the South East and Central Europe study area, whereas intensified herding is noticed for the succeeding Eneolithic period and could be, as proposed by Schumacher (Schumacher et al 2016b), in accordance with the evidence of early transhumant pastoralism in the central Balkans (Arnold & Greenfield 2006).…”

“…Schumacher's analysis (2015;2016a;2016b) suggests that the emerging use of secondary animal products did not cause large-scale landscape disturbances in South East and Central Europe, whereas landscapes seem to have been resilient enough to withstand early grazing pressure, although the initial intensification of herding activities can be traced in environmental records. During the Neolithic period, low herding impact was indicated throughout the South East and Central Europe study area, whereas intensified herding is noticed for the succeeding Eneolithic period and could be, as proposed by Schumacher (Schumacher et al 2016b), in accordance with the evidence of early transhumant pastoralism in the central Balkans (Arnold & Greenfield 2006). Additionally, the sediment accumulation related to human activity in the Bükkalja foothill area is evident around 4800 cal BP (Schumacher et al 2016a) and it can be synchronized with the increased herding indication at nearby sites (Magyari et al 2010;.…”

“…Diljem jugoistočne i srednje Europe, u razdoblju neolitika vidljiv je mali utjecaj stočarstva, dok se tragovi povećanih stočarskih aktivnosti pojavljuju u kasnijem, eneolitičkom razdoblju. Ti bi se tragovi, kako predlaže Schumacher (Schumacher et al 2016b), mogli preklapati s dokazima koji govore u prilog ranom transhumantnom stočarstvu na središnjem Balkanu (Arnold & Greenfield 2006). Osim toga, akumulacija sedimenta povezanog s ljudskim aktivnostima na padinama Bükkalja datirana je u vrijeme oko 4800. god.…”

Dreibrodt et al.- Holocene erosion history in central Ukraine

“…Investigations on slope deposits have revealed a pronounced phase of slope instability at this interval reported from sites as distant as western and central Europe (e.g. Dreibrodt et al, 2010b, Vincent et al, 2010, Lubos et al, 2011, Schumacher et al, 2018 or Anatolia (Dreibrodt et al, 2014). The 8.0 ka climate oscillation is considered to have been of smaller amplitudes in temperature and moisture changes as well as duration compared with the YD phase.…”