Holocene sea-level determination relative to the Australian continent: U/Th (TIMS) and 14C (AMS) dating of coral cores from the Abrolhos Islands

Eisenhauer, Anton; Wasserburg, G. J.; Chen, J. H.; Bonani, Georges; Collins, Lindsay B.; Zhu, Zhong Rong; Wyrwoll, Karl-Heinz

doi:10.1016/0012-821x(93)90081-j

Cited by 114 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This value is slightly higher than the 4 x 10 -6 value commonly used for such corrections. The commonly used value is calculated based on the assumption that the thorium is derived from material of average crustal composition at secular equilibrium [see Stein et al, 1991;Eisenhauer et al, 1993]. The value we use is more appropriate for our particular samples because our value was measured directly on local corals.…”

Section: Appendix: U-th Disequilbrium Dating Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submergence and uplift associated with the giant 1833 Sumatran subduction earthquake: Evidence from coral microatolls

Zachariasen¹,

Sieh²,

Taylor³

et al. 1999

J. Geophys. Res.

185

181

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Abstract. The giant Sumatran subduction earthquake of 1833 appears as a large emergence event in fossil coral microatolls on the reefs of Sumatra's outer-arc ridge. Stratigraphic analysis of these and living microatolls nearby allow us to estimate that 1833 emergence increased trenchward from about 1 to 2 m. This pattern and magnitude of uplift are consistent with about 13 m of slip on the subduction interface and suggest a magnitude (Mw) of 8.8-9.2 for the earthquake. The fossil microatolls also record rapid submergence in the decades prior to the earthquake, with rates increasing trenchward from 5 to 11 mm/yr. Living microatolls show similar rates and a similar pattern. The fossil microatolls also record at least two less extensive emergence events in the decades prior to 1833. These observations show that coral microatolls can be useful paleoseismic and paleogeodetic instruments in convergent tectonic environments. IntroductionIn most subduction-zone settings, geological records of vertical coseismic and interseismic displacements are obscure. The subduction interface itself is seldom directly observable, so

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Section: Appendix: U-th Disequilbrium Dating Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submergence and uplift associated with the giant 1833 Sumatran subduction earthquake: Evidence from coral microatolls

Zachariasen¹,

Sieh²,

Taylor³

et al. 1999

J. Geophys. Res.

185

181

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Detailed assessments of the ages are also described in Eisenhauer et al (1993). These results have shown that the Holocene reefs are much better developed than previously thought.…”

Section: Age Structure and Accumulation Ratesmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…These reefs provide the most detailed records to date of Holocene sea-level history, both at the Abrolhos, and along the continental margin of Western Australia. Eisenhauer et al (1993) argue that the growth of Morley reef has kept pace with the Holocene transgression, according to the analysis of the stratigraphy, growth pattern and chronology of the reef and other independent evidence. These authors use the trend of the reef growth, as shown by the growth curve (Fig.…”

Section: Sea Levels and Reef Growth Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Holocene growth history of a reef complex on a cool-water carbonate margin: Easter Group of the Houtman Abrolhos, Eastern Indian Ocean

et al. 1993

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Collins, L.B., Zhu, Z.R., Wyrwoll, K.-H., Hatcher, B.G., Playford, P.E., Eisenhauer, A., Chen, J.H., Wasserburg, G.J. and Bonani, G., 1993. Holocene growth history of a reef complex on a cool-water carbonate margin: Easter Group of the Houtman Abrolhos, Eastern Indian Ocean. Mar. Geol., 115: 29-46.The Houtman Abrolhos reefs, situated on the western continental margin of Australia, occupy a transitional position between cool-water shelf carbonate sediments to the south and more tropical environments to the north. Their existence at the outer limits of the geographical range for coral reef growth is a result of the warm, poleward-flowing Leeuwin Current. Though the modern reefs differ ecologically from tropical reefs, their geological characteristics have been little known until recently. Each of the three island groups in the Abrolhos consists of a central platform of Last Interglacial reefs, about which windward and leeward Holocene reefs have developed asymmetrically. In the Easter Group the subtidal windward reef in the west is ca. 10 m thick and is backed by a leeward-prograding, lagoon sand sheet which is 0 3 m thick. The emergent parts of the leeward reefs in the east consist of an upward-shallowing sequence comprising reef facies, peritidal rudstone facies, and coral rubble storm ridges. This is underlain by over 26 m of Holocene reef facies. Coring and dating of the Holocene reefs (using both U/Th TIMS and 14C methods) in the Easter Group has shown significantly different lithofacies in the windward and leeward reefs, and has allowed reconstruction of Holocene reef growth and sea-level history. Coralline algal bindstones and interbedded coral framestone facies characterise the relatively slow-growing windward Holocene reefs, whereas the fastgrowing leeward reefs consist of coral framestone facies which are dominated by Aeropora. The leeward reefs commenced growth about 10,000 U/Th years ago and the Morley reef grew to 0.3 m above present sea level by 6400 U/Th years B.P., recording a relative high sea-level event. This generated Holocene constructional topography characterised by "blue-hole" terrain. Windward Holocene reef growth commenced after 8200 U/Th years B.P. following erosion of the windward part of the Last Interglacial platform. High wave energy and competition with macroalgae limited coral growth, and the coralline algal-dominated windward reefs grew more slowly to sea level. The Holocene sea-level record provided by dates from the 26 m core of the Morley reef (a "keep-up'" reef) is the first such record from the western continental margin of Australia.

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“…Although a bulk-Earth 230 Th/ 232 Th activity value of 0.82 (atomic value ~4.4 × 10 -6 ) with a large arbitrarily assigned uncertainty of ± 50-100% has been commonly assumed to correct for the non-radiogenic 230 Th contribution (e.g. Eisenhauer et al, 1993), the large associated uncertainty makes the age uncertainty of the corrected 230 Th age for young corals too large to be meaningful (see Zhao et al, 2009b). As site-specific or region-specific initial 230 Th/ 232 Th values for non-radiogenic 230 Th correction are more appropriate than the bulk-Earth value in coral 230 Th age calculation (Clark et al, 2012), a site-specific mean 230 Th/ 232 Th in the study area is needed to improve the accuracy and precision of 230 Th ages.…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-precision U–Th dating of storm-transported coral blocks on Frankland Islands, northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Liu

Zhao

Clark

et al. 2014

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Holocene sea-level determination relative to the Australian continent: U/Th (TIMS) and 14C (AMS) dating of coral cores from the Abrolhos Islands

Cited by 114 publications

References 36 publications

Submergence and uplift associated with the giant 1833 Sumatran subduction earthquake: Evidence from coral microatolls

Submergence and uplift associated with the giant 1833 Sumatran subduction earthquake: Evidence from coral microatolls

Holocene growth history of a reef complex on a cool-water carbonate margin: Easter Group of the Houtman Abrolhos, Eastern Indian Ocean

High-precision U–Th dating of storm-transported coral blocks on Frankland Islands, northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia

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