Holocene paleoecology of a wild rice (Zizania sp.) lake in Northwestern Ontario, Canada

Boyd, Matt; Surette, C.; Surette, J.; Therriault, I.; Hamilton, Scott

doi:10.1007/s10933-013-9731-9

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Archeological research has confirmed that wildrice has been harvested and consumed by indigenous people for at least 2,300 years (Boyd et al 2013). However, it rarely appears in archaeological settings largely due to the fragility of the grains and degradation of its discernible parts (Yost and Blinnikov 2011).…”

Section: Wildrice From Paleo and Archaeological Contextsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Archaeological and paleontological evidence, oral testimonies, and written accounts provide data and descriptions about local settings but often lack range-wide applicability. Buchner (1979), Rajnovich (1984), and Wright (1999) hypothesized that portions of its distribution outside the Great Lakes region resulted from dispersal events by indigenous people moving northward and westward, although no evidence has been found to support this (Boyd et al 2013). Disturbance from logging, mining, dam building, and development beginning in the mid-1800's extirpated wildrice stands from numerous documented localities and potentially from many more that had no written records (Barton 2018).…”

Section: Wildrice From Paleo and Archaeological Contextsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indirect evidence of wildrice harvesting and processing is uncommon because the practices involved do not require specialized equipment other than wooden knockers used to dislodge the ripened grains (Boyd et al 2013). Proximity of archaeological sites to areas that historically or currently have wildrice has been used to infer that other similar sites in the region may have supported productive wildrice beds (Johnson 1969;Salzer 1974).…”

Section: Wildrice From Paleo and Archaeological Contextsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Wildrice (Zizania palustris; Manoomin) biology, functions and values, and soil physiochemical properties affecting production : a review of available literature

VanZomeren,

Philley,

Hurst

et al. 2023

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Wildrice (Zizania palustris L.) is an annual aquatic emergent plant primarily distributed across portions of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Canada. Wildrice requires narrow environmental conditions that vary throughout its life cycle. Environmental conditions required include water levels between 15 and 90 cm, slow flowing water, anaerobic soil, and circum-neutral pH. Wildrice production and abundance is most often limited by nitrogen availability. Both short- and long-term changes in local conditions impact distribution and abundance of wildrice at local and regional scales. Reported declines in wildrice production have increased interest in evaluating changing environmental conditions, specifically within the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Wildrice, or manoomin, is an important food and cultural resource, and remains important to native peoples throughout the region, including the Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians. This report provides a review of literature related to wildrice and examines potential factors affecting its production in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. This report highlights cultural and traditional values, functions and values of wildrice, and unique chemical and physical aspects of the environment where wildrice grow. Additionally, this report synthesizes the data gathered in the literature review, identifies knowledge gaps, and provides research opportunities for improved wildrice production in the Great Lakes region.

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Section: Wildrice From Paleo and Archaeological Contextsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Wildrice From Paleo and Archaeological Contextsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wildrice From Paleo and Archaeological Contextsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Wildrice (Zizania palustris; Manoomin) biology, functions and values, and soil physiochemical properties affecting production : a review of available literature

VanZomeren,

Philley,

Hurst

et al. 2023

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“…People collected and ate acorns across eastern North America since the Archaic period, but the local history of wild rice and maize is less clear. Paleoecological studies suggest that wild rice appeared in northeastern Minnesota by 7000 BC and northwestern Ontario by 4100 BC (Boyd et al 2013; Huber 2001), although there is little evidence to suggest greater human exploitation of wild rice until the Middle Woodland period or earlier (Burchill and Boyd 2015), when macroremains appear at sites from Minnesota to Ontario and settlement patterns shift to favor rice-producing locales (Arzigian 2000; Boyd et al 2014; Hart and Lovis 2013). The only macroremains of wild rice in the Upper Peninsula, however, are from a Late Woodland feature at the Cloudman site (Egan-Bruhy 2007).…”

Section: The Winter Site Case Study and Woodland Period Subsistencementioning

confidence: 99%

Earliest Microbotanical Evidence for Maize in the Northern Lake Michigan Basin

et al. 2018

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There is no recorded maize (Zea mays spp. mays) from sites predating circa cal AD 800 in the northern Lake Michigan or Lake Superior basins of the western Great Lakes, despite the presence of maize microbotanicals including phytoliths and starches in Michigan, New York, and Quebec as early as 400 cal BC. To evaluate the potential for an earlier maize presence in the northern Lake Michigan basin, samples of carbonized food residues adhering to 16 ceramic vessels were obtained from the Winter site (20DE17) located on the Garden Peninsula in the northern Lake Michigan basin. Each sample was split and sent to two analysts. Both analysts identified low incidences of maize starch and phytoliths in multiple samples, with overlapping identifications on several. Three direct accelerator mass spectrometry dates on the carbonized residues reveal maize incorporated into the residues as early as the second century cal BC, 800 years before any regional macrobotanical evidence. Although the method of dispersal cannot be determined, these results support the proposition that initial northern dispersal of maize in the region may have been nearly 800 years earlier than macrobotanical evidence would suggest and is consistent with the timing of its introduction to the lower Great Lakes area.

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“…Understanding how plants were incorporated into daily subsistence patterns first recognizes that human decisions are informed by broad environmental and local habitat information, plant traits (underlying wild rice were combined with wild berries, nuts, and seeds, including net-seed goosefoot (Chenopodium berlandieri) (Boyd et al 2014;Deck and Shay 1992;Lints 2012;Quaternary Consultants 2013). Journal of Ethnobiology 2019 39(4): 510-529 Flynn and McKinley 2004;Quaternary Consultants 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating Chenopodium berlandieri into a Seasonal Subsistence Pattern: Implications of Biological Traits for Cultural Choices.

Halwas

Worley

2019

Journal of Ethnobiology

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Local ecological knowledge of culturally important plants informed food choices by Indigenous peoples across North America. Recovery of such knowledge through ecological and genetic studies of contemporary populations increases understanding of variation in seasonal availability and economic value, potentially enhancing interpretation of the archaeobotanical record. We compared habitat, seed yield, and nutritional value of seed in up to ten wild populations of net-seed goosefoot (Chenopodium berlandieri) from four survey regions in Manitoba, North Dakota, Missouri, and Ohio with evidence of pre-contact cultivation and domestication of C. berlandieri. We assessed cultivation impacts and variation in seasonal timing by growing seed from three Manitoban populations in two common gardens. Population density, plant size, and seed yield increased sixfold from north (Manitoba) to south (Ohio) in wild populations, with genetic differences between Manitoban populations remaining evident in gardens. However, cultivation (e.g., watering, weeding) in well-worked soil extended timing of seed harvest and increased seed yield beyond the range of wild populations. Nutritional profiles from five populations were similar across the survey regions but differed from domesticated quinoa in their higher fiber and slightly lower energy content. Our results suggest that both plasticity and genetic factors influence productivity of C. berlandieri populations as a seed source. Genetic variation in seasonal timing would have provided choice between populations and flexibility in incorporating C. berlandieri into a seasonal subsistence strategy. Simple cultivation techniques would have substantially increased yield, thereby enhancing reliability and economic returns.

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Holocene paleoecology of a wild rice (Zizania sp.) lake in Northwestern Ontario, Canada

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Wildrice (Zizania palustris; Manoomin) biology, functions and values, and soil physiochemical properties affecting production : a review of available literature

Wildrice (Zizania palustris; Manoomin) biology, functions and values, and soil physiochemical properties affecting production : a review of available literature

Earliest Microbotanical Evidence for Maize in the Northern Lake Michigan Basin

Incorporating Chenopodium berlandieri into a Seasonal Subsistence Pattern: Implications of Biological Traits for Cultural Choices.

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