Holocene land-cover reconstructions for studies on land cover-climate feedbacks

Gaillard, Marie-José; Sugita, S.; Mazier, Florence; Trondman, Anna-Kari; Broström, Anna; Hickler, Thomas; Kaplan, Jed O.; Kjellström, Erik; Kokfelt, Ulla; Kuneš, Petr; Lemmen, Carsten; Miller, Paul A.; Olofsson, Jörgen; Poska, Anneli; Rundgren, Mats; Smith, Benjamin; Strandberg, Gustav; Fyfe, Ralph; Nielsen, Anne Birgitte; Alenius, Teija; Balakauskas, Lauras; Barnekow, Lena; Birks, H. John B.; Bjune, Anne E.; Björkman, Leif; Giesecke, Thomas; Hjelle, Kari Loe; Kalniņa, Laimdota; Kangur, Mihkel; Knaap, W.O. van der; Koff, Tiiu; Lagerås, Per; Latałowa, Małgorzata; Leydet, Michelle; Lechterbeck, Jutta; Lindbladh, Matts; Odgaard, Bent Vad; Peglar, Sylvia M.; Segerström, Ulf; Stedingk, Henrik von; Seppä, Heikki

doi:10.5194/cp-6-483-2010

Cited by 236 publications

(234 citation statements)

References 74 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

230

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The few scenarios of past ALCC that exist, e.g. ML08 (Pongratz et al, 2009), HYDE (Klein Goldewijk et al, 2011 and KK10 (Kaplan et al, 2011(Kaplan et al, , 2009, show very large differences indeed (Gaillard et al, 2010). Therefore, improved descriptions of past anthropogenic land cover change on the global spatial scale are urgently needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This function results in an implied per capita land use that is a function of population density, which is further modulated by the potential suitability of the landscape for rain-fed agriculture, and pasture ALCC is still not successfully implemented in many models and studies of global change. As a result, climate modelling in paleo-mode or projection mode that tries to take ALCC into account is seriously hindered (Gaillard et al, 2010). The few scenarios of past ALCC that exist, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Anthropogenic land use estimates for the Holocene – HYDE 3.2

Goldewijk

Beusen

Doelman

et al. 2017

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

705

624

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. This paper presents an update and extension of HYDE, the History Database of the Global Environment (HYDE version 3.2). HYDE is an internally consistent combination of historical population estimates and allocation algorithms with time-dependent weighting maps for land use. Categories include cropland, with new distinctions for irrigated and rain-fed crops (other than rice) and irrigated and rain-fed rice. Grazing lands are also provided, divided into more intensively used pasture and less intensively used rangeland, and further specified with respect to conversion of natural vegetation to facilitate global change modellers. Population is represented by maps of total, urban, rural population, population density and built-up area. The period covered is 10 000 before Common Era (BCE) to 2015 Common Era (CE). All data can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.17026/dans-25g-gez3.We estimate that global population increased from 4.4 million people (we also estimate a lower range < 0.01 and an upper range of 8.9 million) in 10 000 BCE to 7.257 billion in 2015 CE, resulting in a global population density increase from 0.03 persons (or capita, in short cap) km −2 (range 0-0.07) to almost 56 cap km −2 respectively. The urban built-up area evolved from almost zero to roughly 58 Mha in 2015 CE, still only less than 0.5 % of the total land surface of the globe.Cropland occupied approximately less than 1 % of the global land area (13 037 Mha, excluding Antarctica) for a long time period until 1 CE, quite similar to the grazing land area. In the following centuries the share of global cropland slowly grew to 2.2 % in 1700 CE (ca. 293 Mha, uncertainty range 220-367 Mha), 4.4 % in 1850 CE (578 Mha, range 522-637 Mha) and 12.2 % in 2015 CE (ca. 1591 Mha, range 1572-1604 Mha). Cropland can be further divided into rain-fed and irrigated land, and these categories can be further separated into rice and non-rice. Rain-fed croplands were much more common, with 2.2 % in 1700 CE (289 Mha, range 217-361 Mha), 4.2 % (549 Mha, range 496-606 Mha) in 1850 CE and 10.1 % (1316 Mha, range 1298-1325 Mha) in 2015 CE, while irrigated croplands used less than 0.05 % (4.3 Mha, range 3.1-5.5 Mha), 0.2 % (28 Mha, range 25-31 Mha) and 2.1 % (277 Mha, range 273-278 Mha) in 1700, 1850 and 2015 CE, respectively. We estimate the irrigated rice area (paddy) to be 0.1 % (13 Mha, range 9-16 Mha) in 1700 CE, 0.2 % (28 Mha, range 26-31 Mha) in 1850 CE and 0.9 % (118 Mha, range 117-120 Mha) in 2015 CE.The estimates for land used for grazing are much more uncertain. We estimate that the share of grazing land grew from 5.1 % in 1700 CE (667 Mha, range 507-820 Mha) to 9.6 % in 1850 CE (1192 Mha, range 1068-1304 Mha) and 24.9 % in 2015 CE (3241 Mha, range 3211-3270 Mha). To aid the modelling community we have divided land used for grazing into more intensively used pasture, less intensively used converted rangeland and less or unmanaged natural unconverted rangeland. Pasture occupied 1.1 % in 1700 CE (145 Mha, range 79-175 Mha), 1.9 % in 1850 CE (253 Mha...

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic land use estimates for the Holocene – HYDE 3.2

Goldewijk

Beusen

Doelman

et al. 2017

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

705

624

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For the purposes of this work, we propose assuming that any area delimited by a 50e100 km radius can be considered to have a uniform background pollen rain with reference to the ERV approach. This assumption has effectively also been made previously (Hellman et al, 2008) and more recently by the LANDCLIM project (Gaillard et al, 2010). Mazier et al (2012a) showed that different values of Z max (i.e.…”

Section: Location Of the Sample Pointmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…The LANDCLIM project is using the LRA approach to reconstruct vegetation cover in northwest Europe on a 100 km grid basis as an input to regional climate models (e.g. Gaillard et al, 2010). In archaeological contexts, the approach allows different archaeologically derived hypotheses about landscape structure to be tested against extant pollen records (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palynological perspectives on vegetation survey: a critical step for model-based reconstruction of Quaternary land cover

Bunting

Farrell

Broström

et al. 2013

Quaternary Science Reviews

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pollen dispersal and deposition models Pollen surface sample PrenticeeSugita model of pollen dispersal and deposition Remote sensing data Sutton model Vegetation data processing a b s t r a c t 1. Quantitative reconstruction of past vegetation distribution and abundance from sedimentary pollen records provides an important baseline for understanding long term ecosystem dynamics and for the calibration of earth system process models such as regional-scale climate models, widely used to predict future environmental change. Most current approaches assume that the amount of pollen produced by each vegetation type, usually expressed as a relative pollen productivity term, is constant in space and time.2. Estimates of relative pollen productivity can be extracted from extended R-value analysis (Parsons and Prentice, 1981) using comparisons between pollen assemblages deposited into sedimentary contexts, such as moss polsters, and measurements of the present day vegetation cover around the sampled location. Vegetation survey method has been shown to have a profound effect on estimates of model parameters (Bunting and Hjelle, 2010), therefore a standard method is an essential pre-requisite for testing some of the key assumptions of pollen-based reconstruction of past vegetation; such as the assumption that relative pollen productivity is effectively constant in space and time within a region or biome.3. This paper systematically reviews the assumptions and methodology underlying current models of pollen dispersal and deposition, and thereby identifies the key characteristics of an effective vegetation survey method for estimating relative pollen productivity in a range of landscape contexts.4. It then presents the methodology used in a current research project, developed during a practitioner workshop. The method selected is pragmatic, designed to be replicable by different research groups, usable in a wide range of habitats, and requiring minimum effort to collect adequate data for model calibration rather than representing some ideal or required approach. Using this common methodology will allow project members to collect multiple measurements of relative pollen productivity for major plant taxa from several northern European locations in order to test the assumption of uniformity of these values within the climatic range of the main taxa recorded in pollen records from the region.

show abstract

“…It is mainly in the field of palaeoecology that work towards a broader synthesis based on empirical data, rather than modelling only, has started (Gaillard et al, 2010).…”

Section: Global Environmental Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape research in a world of domesticated landscapes: The role of values, theory, and concepts

Widgren

2012

Quaternary International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review takes as its starting point the relationship between landscape history and environmental policy. Landscape historians now face the same problem that social scientists have long faced, i.e., how to relate to values and to the political use of scientific results, which demands greater conceptual and theoretical rigour from integrative landscape studies. The concept of social-ecological systems is criticised for its reduction of the complexity and human agency involved in land use; in contrast, Clark Erickson"s concept of domesticated landscapes offers an approach that can incorporate humanist as well as scientific considerations. The roles of surplus production and labour allocation in early societies are seen as crucial for understanding early domesticated landscapes. Different social formations result in different landscapes, but landscapes also have an earthly inertia. Investments in land govern, steer, impede, or inspire land use in subsequent social formations. This specific understanding of time and place is shared by quaternary geology, landscape archaeology, and historical geography, and distinguishes them from both history and physics.Keywords: relevance, domesticated landscapes, landesque capital, engineered landscapes, labour, time IntroductionLandscape history today plays a central role in relation to several different discourses at the interface between environmental policy and research. At the European level, the broad process initiated by the Council of Europe in the European Landscape Convention could move the landscape issue from the hands of experts and researchers to a broader arena, in which landscape is increasingly part of European policy and politics. At the global level, the environmental change debate, focusing on the climate, has highlighted the role of humans in the long-term change of the earth"s system to such an extent that it has been proposed that we now live in the anthropocene era. The question of whether the anthropocene started in the industrial revolution or at the dawn of agriculture has not been answered. The fact that the question has even been asked, however, paves the way for the more intense involvement in broader global change studies of landscape archaeologists and other researchers focussed on long-term studies of human influence on the landscape. This is a new development for many landscape researchers. Many of us started our studies at a time when landscape was a much smaller and narrower academic concern, and our main contact with the public was with local history enthusiasts. Any applied aspects of our research were mainly confined to cultural heritage planning. The new situation poses new challenges to landscape researchers. The positive aspect, of course, is that there is greater interest from society and more research money -at least if we can frame our projects so that they address wider issues of current political, social, and environmental concern. In these new fields of applied research in landscape and environmental history, politicized ...

show abstract

Holocene land-cover reconstructions for studies on land cover-climate feedbacks

Cited by 236 publications

References 74 publications

Anthropogenic land use estimates for the Holocene – HYDE 3.2

Anthropogenic land use estimates for the Holocene – HYDE 3.2

Palynological perspectives on vegetation survey: a critical step for model-based reconstruction of Quaternary land cover

Landscape research in a world of domesticated landscapes: The role of values, theory, and concepts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About