Holocene history of the Baltic Sea as recorded in a sediment core from the Gotland Deep

Sohlenius, Gustav; Sternbeck, John; Andrén, Elinor; Westman, Per

doi:10.1016/0025-3227(96)00047-3

Cited by 127 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…4 and 5) indicate that porewater sulfide diffused into the deeper lake sediments during the early Littorina Sea stage. Such sulfidization fronts are widely observed in sedimentary records of the Pleistocene and Holocene Baltic Sea (Boesen and Postma, 1988;Böttcher and Lepland, 2000;Holmkvist et al, 2014;Sohlenius et al, 1996).…”

Section: The Lake-marine Transition In the Bornholm Basinmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…3) to the porewater. The slight increase in C org before the lake-marine transition may be caused by enhanced water column productivity or by a lowering of the sedimentation rate due to decreased inputs of particulate matter in meltwater at that time, as proposed by Sohlenius et al (1996). Such a shift in material supply may also explain the low concentrations of other terrestrial elements, such as Fe and Mg, between 10 and 11.5 mcd (Fig.…”

Section: The Lake-marine Transition In the Bornholm Basinmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Physical transport was calculated with the ReacTran package (Soetaert and Meysman, 2012). The depth domain, which describes the upper 50 m of the sediment, was discretized into 450 layers with highest resolution at the top and between 9 and 12 m. The set of equations obtained upon discretization of the mass conservation equations was solved with the lsoda ordinary differential equation solver (Hindmarsh, 1983;Petzold, 1983) that is included in the deSolve package (Soetaert et al, 2010b). …”

Section: Reactive Transport Model 281 General Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-depositional formation of vivianite-type minerals alters sediment phosphorus records

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Phosphorus (P) concentrations in sediments are frequently used to reconstruct past environmental conditions in freshwater and marine systems, with high values thought to be indicative of a high biological productivity. Recent studies suggest that the post-depositional formation of vivianite, an iron(II)-phosphate mineral, might significantly alter trends in P with sediment depth. To assess its importance, we investigate a sediment record from the Bornholm Basin that was retrieved during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Baltic Sea Paleoenvironment Expedition 347 in 2013, consisting of lake sediments overlain by brackish-marine deposits. Combining bulk sediment geochemistry with microanalysis using scanning electron microscope energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), we demonstrate that vivianite-type minerals rich in manganese and magnesium are present in the lake deposits just below the transition to the brackish-marine sediments (at 11.5 to 12 m sediment depth). In this depth interval, phosphate that diffuses down from the organic-rich, brackish-marine sediments meets porewaters rich in dissolved iron in the lake sediments, resulting in the precipitation of iron(II) phosphate. Results from a reactive transport model suggest that the peak in iron(II) phosphate originally occurred at the lake-marine transition (9 to 10 m) and moved downwards due to changes in the depth of a sulfidization front. However, its current position relative to the lake-marine transition is stable as the vivianite-type minerals and active sulfidization fronts have been spatially separated over time. Experiments in which vivianite was subjected to sulfidic conditions demonstrate that incorporation of manganese or magnesium in vivianite does not affect its susceptibility to sulfide-induced dissolution. Our work highlights that post-depositional formation of iron(II) phosphates such as vivianite has the potential to strongly alter sedimentary P records particularly in systems that are subject to environmental perturbation, such as a change in primary productivity, which can be associated with a lake-marine transition.

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Section: The Lake-marine Transition In the Bornholm Basinmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: The Lake-marine Transition In the Bornholm Basinmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Reactive Transport Model 281 General Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-depositional formation of vivianite-type minerals alters sediment phosphorus records

et al. 2018

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“…Similarly organic-lean Ancylus Lake sediments were found between 680 to ∼ 440 cmbsf. A black colour in the upper Ancyclus Lake layer is most likely due to precipitation of sulphide bands after downward diffusion of H 2 S from sulfate reduction in the overlying Littorina Sea deposits (Boesen and Postma, 1988;Sohlenius et al, 1996;Moros et al, 2002). The brackish-marine Littorina Sea sediments start at 440 cmbsf and partially show fine lamination, characterising times of pronounced and stable deep water anoxia.…”

Section: Study Site and Core Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sohlenius et al, 1996;Bianchi et al, 2000;Brenner, 2001Brenner, , 2005Voss et al, 2001). As a result of the Littorina Sea transgression, marine diatoms and dinoflagellates entered the central Baltic Sea (Brenner, 2005), and cyanobacteria became increasingly important as indicated by pigment and molybdenum abundances (Bianchi et al, 2000;Kunzendorf et al, 2001;Poutanen and Nikkila, 2001;Borgendahl and Westman, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriohopanepolyols record stratification, nitrogen fixation and other biogeochemical perturbations in Holocene sediments of the central Baltic Sea

Blumenberg¹,

Berndmeyer²,

Moros

et al. 2013

Biogeosciences

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The Baltic Sea, one of the world's largest brackish-marine basins, established after deglaciation of Scandinavia about 17 000 to 15 000 yr ago. In the changeable history of the Baltic Sea, the initial freshwater system was connected to the North Sea about 8000 yr ago and the modern brackish-marine setting (Littorina Sea) was established. Today, a relatively stable stratification has developed in the water column of the deep basins due to salinity differences. Stratification is only occasionally interrupted by mixing events, and it controls nutrient availability and growth of specifically adapted microorganisms and algae. We studied bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs), lipids of specific bacterial groups, in a sediment core from the central Baltic Sea (Gotland Deep) and found considerable differences between the distinct stages of the Baltic Sea's history. Some individual BHP structures indicate contributions from as yet unknown redoxcline-specific bacteria (bacteriohopanetetrol isomer), methanotrophic bacteria (35-aminobacteriohopanetetrol), cyanobacteria (bacteriohopanetetrol cyclitol ether isomer) and from soil bacteria (adenosylhopane) through allochthonous input after the Littorina transgression, whereas the origin of other BHPs in the core has still to be identified. Notably high BHP abundances were observed in the deposits of the brackish-marine Littorina phase, particularly in laminated sediment layers. Because these sediments record periods of stable water column stratification, bacteria specifically adapted to these conditions may account for the high portions of BHPs. An additional and/or accompanying source may be nitrogen-fixing (cyano)bacteria, which is indicated by a positive correlation of BHP abundances with C_org and δ¹⁵N

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Hypoxia‐driven variations in iron and manganese shuttling in the Baltic Sea over the past 8 kyr

Lenz

Jilbert

Conley

et al. 2015

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The Baltic Sea has experienced three major intervals of bottom water hypoxia following the intrusion of seawater circa 8 kyr ago. These intervals occurred during the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM), Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), and during recent decades. Here we show that sequestration of both Fe and Mn in Baltic Sea sediments generally increases with water depth, and we attribute this to shelf‐to‐basin transfer (“shuttling”) of Fe and Mn. Burial of Mn in slope and basin sediments was enhanced following the lake‐brackish/marine transition at the beginning of the hypoxic interval during the HTM. During hypoxic intervals, shelf‐to‐basin transfer of Fe was generally enhanced but that of Mn was reduced. However, intensification of hypoxia within hypoxic intervals led to decreased burial of both Mn and Fe in deep basin sediments. This implies a nonlinearity in shelf Fe release upon expanding hypoxia with initial enhanced Fe release relative to oxic conditions followed by increased retention in shelf sediments, likely in the form of iron sulfide minerals. For Mn, extended hypoxia leads to more limited sequestration as Mn carbonate in deep basin sediments, presumably because of more rapid reduction of Mn oxides formed after inflows and subsequent escape of dissolved Mn to the overlying water. Our Fe records suggest that modern Baltic Sea hypoxia is more widespread than in the past. Furthermore, hypoxia‐driven variations in shelf‐to‐basin transfer of Fe may have impacted the dynamics of P and sulfide in the Baltic Sea thus providing potential feedbacks on the further development of hypoxia.

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Holocene history of the Baltic Sea as recorded in a sediment core from the Gotland Deep

Cited by 127 publications

References 32 publications

Post-depositional formation of vivianite-type minerals alters sediment phosphorus records

Post-depositional formation of vivianite-type minerals alters sediment phosphorus records

Bacteriohopanepolyols record stratification, nitrogen fixation and other biogeochemical perturbations in Holocene sediments of the central Baltic Sea

Hypoxia‐driven variations in iron and manganese shuttling in the Baltic Sea over the past 8 kyr

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