Holocene history of ENSO variance and asymmetry in the eastern tropical Pacific

Carré, Matthieu; Sachs, Julian P.; Purca, Sara; Schauer, Andrew J.; Braconnot, Pascale; Falcón, Rommel Angeles; Julien, Michèle; Lavallée, Danièle

doi:10.1126/science.1252220

Cited by 200 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The data also show that before the LIA, ENSO-like mechanisms were more important than the ITCZ in regulating decadal-to-centennial-scale maritime rainfall patterns in the eastern tropical Pacific, highlighting the unique nature of the LIA in the context of the past 2,000 y, and confirming the capacity for multidecadal and longer timescale changes in ENSOlike variability. This provides an important complement to subannually resolved reconstructions from short-lived corals (38) or mollusks (39) that are ideally suited for detecting changes in ENSO variance but lack the continuous duration to assess long timescales. The centennial-scale changes in both ENSO mean state and ITCZ dynamics that characterized the last 2,000 y highlight the importance of adequately capturing these climate modes in future climate projections forced by a radiative perturbation far in excess of any that occurred in the last 2,000 y.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galápagos hydroclimate of the Common Era from paired microalgal and mangrove biomarker ² H/ ¹ H values

Nelson

Sachs

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Tropical maritime precipitation affects global atmospheric circulation, influencing storm tracks and the size and location of subtropical deserts. Paleoclimate evidence suggests centuries-long changes in rainfall in the tropical Pacific over the past 2,000 y, but these remain poorly characterized across most of the ocean where long, continuous proxy records capable of resolving decadal-to-centennial climate changes are still virtually nonexistent despite substantial efforts to develop them. Here we apply a new climate proxy based on paired hydrogen isotope ratios from microalgal and mangrove-derived sedimentary lipids in the Galápagos to reconstruct maritime precipitation changes during the Common Era. We show that increased rainfall during the Little Ice Age (LIA) (∼1400-1850 CE) was likely caused by a southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), and that this shift occurred later than previously recognized, coeval with dynamically linked precipitation changes in South America and the western tropical Pacific. Before the LIA, we show that drier conditions at the onset of the Medieval Warm Period (∼800-1300 CE) and wetter conditions ca. 2 ka were caused by changes in the El Niño/ Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Collectively, the large natural variations in tropical rainfall we detect, each linked to a multicentury perturbation of either ENSO-like variability or the ITCZ, imply a high sensitivity of tropical Pacific rainfall to climate forcings.paleoclimate | hydrogen isotopes | tropical Pacific | ENSO | ITCZ

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galápagos hydroclimate of the Common Era from paired microalgal and mangrove biomarker ² H/ ¹ H values

Nelson

Sachs

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…During the first 400 years, there was an average of 15 ± 7 El Niño events every 100 years, in contrast to an average of 6 ± 4 events every 100 years during the last 600 years (Moy et al 2002). Moreover, the moderate El Niño regime, established 3000 years ago, is sensitive to changes in climate boundary conditions, including, but not limited to, insolation (Carré et al 2014).…”

Section: Margen De Magdalena Y Su Respuesta a El Niño Durante El úLtimentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Durante los primeros 400 años, el promedio de eventos El Niño fue de 15 ± 7 cada 100 años, lo cual resulta contrastante con el promedio de 6 ± 4 eventos cada 100 años durante los últimos 600 años (Moy et al 2002). Adicionalmente, el régimen moderado de El Niño, establecido desde hace 3000 años, es sensitivo a los cambios en las condiciones de frontera del clima, incluyendo-pero no limitado a-la insolación (Carré et al 2014).…”

Section: Margen De Magdalena Y Su Respuesta a El Niño Durante El úLtiunclassified

Variability of marine biological productivity in the northeastern Pacific over the past millennium

Juárez¹,

Sánchez²,

González-Yajimovich³

2015

Cienc. Mar.

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ABSTRACT. In this study we present new data of biogenic opal (BO), organic carbon (OC), and calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) in a highresolution record from the western coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico. The variability of marine biological productivity in this area is dominated by El Niño and La Niña events on different time scales. The BO and OC contents showed a decrease between AD 1100 and 1400. From AD 1400 to the present, BO and OC showed a significant increase, indicating permanent upwelling conditions. The CaCO 3 content showed an inverse correlation with OC, which suggests that the exported OC fluxes are a significant factor controlling CaCO 3 dissolution in the sediment. The increase in BO and OC was synchronic with a decline in the number of El Niño events (6 ± 4 every 100 years) over the last 600 years of the millennium.Key words: biogenic opal, organic carbon, El Niño, La Niña, upwelling. RESUMEN.En este trabajo se presentan nuevos datos de un registro de alta resolución de ópalo biogénico (OB), carbono orgánico (CO) y carbonato de calcio (CaCO 3 ) en la costa occidental de Baja California Sur, México. En esta región, la variabilidad de la productividad biológica marina es dominada por la intensidad de los eventos El Niño y La Niña en diversas escalas de tiempo. Los contenidos de OB y CO disminuyeron durante el periodo de AD 1100 a 1400. En el periodo de AD 1400 al presente, el OB y CO aumentaron significativamente, lo cual indica condiciones permanentes de surgencia. El contenido de CaCO 3 se correlacionó inversamente con el CO, y esto sugiere que los flujos de CO exportado son un factor significativo que controla la disolución de CaCO 3 en el sedimento. El incremento en el OB y CO fue sincrónico con la disminución en el número de eventos de El Niño (6 ± 4 cada 100 años) para los últimos 600 años del milenio.Palabras clave: ópalo biogénico, carbono orgánico, El Niño, La Niña, surgencia.

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“…Although paleo-ENSO records are difficult to reconstruct, particularly in the early Holocene (33−35), our IRM soft-flux record appears to be consistent with paleo-ENSO proxies available for the Holocene. Geological data and climate models document a mid-Holocene reduction in ENSO intensity and fewer El Niño-related flood events (33,34,(36)(37)(38) (Fig. 3 D and E).…”

Section: Close Correlation Between El Niño−southern Oscillation and Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene ENSO-related cyclic storms recorded by magnetic minerals in speleothems of central China

Zhu

Feinberg

Xie

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

160

137

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Extreme hydrologic events such as storms and floods have the potential to severely impact modern human society. However, the frequency of storms and their underlying mechanisms are limited by a paucity of suitable proxies, especially in inland areas. Here we present a record of speleothem magnetic minerals to reconstruct paleoprecipitation, including storms, in the eastern Asian monsoon area over the last 8.6 ky. The geophysical parameter IRMsoft-fluxrepresents the flux of soil-derived magnetic minerals preserved in stalagmite HS4, which we correlate with rainfall amount and intensity. IRMsoft-fluxexhibits relatively higher values before 6.7 ky and after 3.4 ky and lower values in the intervening period, consistent with regional hydrological changes observed in independent records. Abrupt enhancements in the flux of pedogenic magnetite in the stalagmite agree well with the timing of known regional paleofloods and with equatorial El Niño−Southern Oscillation (ENSO) patterns, documenting the occurrence of ENSO-related storms in the Holocene. Spectral power analyses reveal that the storms occur on a significant 500-y cycle, coincident with periodic solar activity and ENSO variance, showing that reinforced (subdued) storms in central China correspond to reduced (increased) solar activity and amplified (damped) ENSO. Thus, the magnetic minerals in speleothem HS4 preserve a record of the cyclic storms controlled by the coupled atmosphere−oceanic circulation driven by solar activity.

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Holocene history of ENSO variance and asymmetry in the eastern tropical Pacific

Cited by 200 publications

References 51 publications

Galápagos hydroclimate of the Common Era from paired microalgal and mangrove biomarker ² H/ ¹ H values

Galápagos hydroclimate of the Common Era from paired microalgal and mangrove biomarker ² H/ ¹ H values

Variability of marine biological productivity in the northeastern Pacific over the past millennium

Holocene ENSO-related cyclic storms recorded by magnetic minerals in speleothems of central China

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Holocene history of ENSO variance and asymmetry in the eastern tropical Pacific

Cited by 200 publications

References 51 publications

Galápagos hydroclimate of the Common Era from paired microalgal and mangrove biomarker 2 H/ 1 H values

Galápagos hydroclimate of the Common Era from paired microalgal and mangrove biomarker 2 H/ 1 H values

Variability of marine biological productivity in the northeastern Pacific over the past millennium

Holocene ENSO-related cyclic storms recorded by magnetic minerals in speleothems of central China

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Product

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Galápagos hydroclimate of the Common Era from paired microalgal and mangrove biomarker ² H/ ¹ H values

Galápagos hydroclimate of the Common Era from paired microalgal and mangrove biomarker ² H/ ¹ H values