Holocene fan alluviation and terrace formation by repeated tsunami passage at Epitalio near Olympia (Alpheios River valley, Greece)

Vött, Andreas; Fischer, Peter; Röbke, Björn R.; Werner, Vera; Emde, Kurt; Finkler, Claudia; Hadler, Hanna; Handl, Mathias; Ntageretzis, Konstantin; Willershäuser, Timo

doi:10.1127/zfg_suppl/2014/s-00209

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Grain‐size analyses revealed high amounts of medium to coarse sand and gravel indicating high‐energy conditions (e.g., Goff & Chagué‐Goff, ; Veerasingam et al., , Vött et al., ; Yu, Zhao, Shi, & Meng, ), especially when compared to silt‐dominated deposits of the quiescent and sheltered Roman harbor. Modern tsunami research has shown, for example, that onshore sand sheets are typical deposits associated with tsunami landfall (e.g., Shi, Dawson, & Smith, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modern tsunami research has shown, for example, that onshore sand sheets are typical deposits associated with tsunami landfall (e.g., Shi, Dawson, & Smith, ). Moreover, the sand layers encountered in the Alkinoos Harbor basin show distinct peaks of the Ca/Fe ratio due to increasing input of calcium carbonate from the marine side in the form of shell debris and (micro)faunal tests (e.g., Goff & Chagué‐Goff, ; Mathes‐Schmidt et al., ; Sakuna, Szczuciński, Feldens, Schwarzer, & Khokiattiwong, ; Veerasingam et al., , Vött et al., 2011b, ). The Alkinoos record also shows sedimentary features typical of high‐energy impact such as erosional unconformities (KOR 1A, KOR 25, KOR 24A) or fining upward sequences (KOR 24A; e.g., Bahlburg & Weiss, ; Gelfenbaum & Jaffe, ; Goff & Chagué‐Goff, ; Morton, Gelfenbaum, & Jaffe, ; Shi et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracing the Alkinoos Harbor of ancient Kerkyra, Greece, and reconstructing its paleotsunami history

et al. 2017

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In this study, the Alkinoos Harbor of ancient Corfu was investigated by means of geomorphological and sedimentological methods in order to reconstruct the ancient harbor's construction, its period of use and spatial extent, and local paleoenvironmental changes. We present sedimentological evidence for the Alkinoos Harbor that shows distinct signs of dredging activities. Although the harbor must have been in use from the Archaic period onwards, a set of paleoenvironmental proxies based on vibracoring, geophysical prospection, electrical conductivity logging, microfaunal studies, and geochemical analyses revealed typical sediments of a closed, protected Roman harbor that was in use between the 1st and 6th century A.D. In addition, sedimentological and microfaunal evidence allowed us to differentiate between different parts of the Roman harbor. In contrast, the pre-Roman harbor and its shipsheds were built on a sandy seashore. Our data revealed two distinct stratigraphic disruptions related to tsunamigenic impact. These paleotsunamis were

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the Alkinoos Harbor of ancient Kerkyra, Greece, and reconstructing its paleotsunami history

et al. 2017

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“…During recent years, geomorphological and sedimentary evidence of repeated Holocene tsunami landfall was found along the coasts of the Gulf of Kyparissia (Ionian Sea) between Cape Katakolo in the north and Filiatra in the south (Vött et al ., , ; Willershäuser et al ., , ; Röbke et al ., ; Koster et al ., ) (Fig. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Based on the comparison of relative sea‐level indicators, Vött et al . () identified crust uplift of minimum 13 to 20 m along local fault zones [western Katakolo Fault Zone (wKFZ), eastern Katakolo Fault Zone (eKFZ), Pyrgos Fault Zone (PyFZ), Alpheios Fault Zone (AFZ), Epitalio Fault Zone (EFZ)] of the northern Gulf of Kyparissia since the mid‐Holocene. These data are in good agreement with results of Papanikolaou et al .…”

Section: Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing tsunami signatures of the ad 551 and ad 1303 tsunamis at the Gulf of Kyparissia (Peloponnese, Greece) using direct push in situ sensing techniques combined with geophysical studies

et al. 2019

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The western Peloponnese was repeatedly hit by major tsunami impacts during historical times as reported by historical accounts and recorded in earthquake and tsunami catalogues. Geological signatures of past tsunami impacts have also been found in many coastal geological archives. During the past years, abundant geomorphological and sedimentary evidence of repeated Holocene tsunami landfall was found between Cape Katakolo and the city of Kyparissia. Moreover, neotectonic studies revealed strong crust uplift along regional faults with amounts of uplift between 13 m and 30 m since the mid‐Holocene. This study focuses on the potential of direct push in situ sensing techniques to detect tsunami sediments along the Gulf of Kyparissia. Direct push measurements were conducted on the landward shores of the Kaiafa Lagoon and the former Mouria Lagoon from which sedimentary and microfaunal evidence for tsunami landfall are already known. Direct push methods helped to decipher in situ high‐resolution stratigraphic records of allochthonous sand sheets that are used to document different kinds of sedimentological and geomorphological characteristics of high‐energy inundation, such as abrupt increases in grain size, integration of muddy rip‐up clasts and fining upward sequences which are representative of different tsunami inundation pulses. These investigations were completed by sediment coring as a base for local calibration of geophysical direct push parameters. Surface‐based electrical resistivity tomography and seismic data with highly resolved vertical direct push datasets and sediment core data were all coupled in order to improve the quality of the geophysical models. Details of this methodological approach, new in palaeotsunami research, are presented and discussed, especially with respect to the question of how the obtained results may help to facilitate tracing tsunami signatures in the sedimentary record and deciphering geomorphological characteristics of past tsunami inundation. Using direct push techniques and based on sedimentary data, sedimentary signatures of two young tsunami impacts that hit the Kaiafa Lagoon were detected. Radiocarbon age control allowed the identification of these tsunami layers as candidates for the ad 551 and ad 1303 earthquake and tsunami events. For these events, there is reliable historical data on major damage on infrastructure in western Greece and on the Peloponnese. At the former Mouria Lagoon, corroborating tsunami traces were found; however, in this case it is difficult to decide whether these signatures were caused by the ad 551 or the ad 1303 event.

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“…The reported tsunami deposits have been dated using radiocarbon dating, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), by correlation with archaeological data, or a combination of the above. The timespan of these tsunami deposits goes back as far as the 6th millennium BC [110,123]. Apart from historically known tsunamis, coastal studies primarily from western Greece have reported up to five tsunami events, deciphered from coastal stratigraphic analysis, which date as far back as the late Holocene (6th millennium BC; [110]) and therefore cannot be correlated with known events.…”

Section: Limitations and Knowledge Gaps/concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunamis in the Greek Region: An Overview of Geological and Geomorphological Evidence

et al. 2021

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The Greek region is known as one of the most seismically and tectonically active areas and it has been struck by some devastating tsunamis, with the most prominent one being the 365 AD event. During the past decade significant research efforts have been made in search of geological and geomorphological evidence of palaeotsunamis along the Greek coasts, primarily through the examination of sediment corings (72% of studies) and secondarily through boulders (i.e., 18%). The published data show that some deposits have been correlated with well-known events such as 365 AD, 1303 AD, the Minoan Santorini Eruption and the 1956 Amorgos earthquake and tsunami, while coastal studies from western Greece have also reported up to five tsunami events, dating as far back as the 6th millennium BC. Although the Ionian Islands, Peloponnese and Crete has been significantly studied, in the Aegean region research efforts are still scarce. Recent events such as the 1956 earthquake and tsunami and the 2020 Samos earthquake and tsunami highlight the need for further studies in this region, to better assess the impact of past events and for improving our knowledge of tsunami history. As Greece is amongst the most seismically active regions globally and has suffered from devastating tsunamis in the past, the identification of tsunami prone areas is essential not only for the scientific community but also for public authorities to design appropriate mitigation measures and prevent tsunami losses in the future.

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Holocene fan alluviation and terrace formation by repeated tsunami passage at Epitalio near Olympia (Alpheios River valley, Greece)

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Tracing the Alkinoos Harbor of ancient Kerkyra, Greece, and reconstructing its paleotsunami history

Tracing the Alkinoos Harbor of ancient Kerkyra, Greece, and reconstructing its paleotsunami history

Tracing tsunami signatures of the ad 551 and ad 1303 tsunamis at the Gulf of Kyparissia (Peloponnese, Greece) using direct push in situ sensing techniques combined with geophysical studies

Tsunamis in the Greek Region: An Overview of Geological and Geomorphological Evidence

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