Holocene colluvial chronology in a sub‐arctic esker landscape at<scp>K</scp>uttanen,<scp>F</scp>innish<scp>L</scp>apland: kettleholes as geo‐ecological archives of interactions amongst fire, vegetation, soil, climate and geomorphological instability

Matthews, John A.; Seppälä, Matti

doi:10.1111/bor.12107

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…However, it is still not clear how quantitatively relevant the 'deep' PyC in soils is, as it remains unaccounted for in studies that do not consider the whole soil profile (Rumpel & K€ ogel-Knabner, 2011). Other poorly understood intermediate PyC reservoirs are depositional sites within terrestrial environments such as colluvial and alluvial deposits, lake and reser-voir sediments, peats and other types of wetlands, and river bank and floodplain deposits (Gerlach et al, 2012;Springer et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2014b;Matthews & Sepp€ al€ a, 2015).…”

Section: Long-term Fate Of Pycmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a global assessment of pyrogenic carbon from vegetation fires

Santín

Doerr

Kane

et al. 2015

Global Change Biology

289

281

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The production of pyrogenic carbon (PyC; a continuum of organic carbon (C) ranging from partially charred biomass and charcoal to soot) is a widely acknowledged C sink, with the latest estimates indicating that~50% of the PyC produced by vegetation fires potentially sequesters C over centuries. Nevertheless, the quantitative importance of PyC in the global C balance remains contentious, and therefore, PyC is rarely considered in global C cycle and climate studies. Here we examine the robustness of existing evidence and identify the main research gaps in the production, fluxes and fate of PyC from vegetation fires. Much of the previous work on PyC production has focused on selected components of total PyC generated in vegetation fires, likely leading to underestimates. We suggest that global PyC production could be in the range of 116-385 Tg C yr À1 , that is~0.2-0.6% of the annual terrestrial net primary production.According to our estimations, atmospheric emissions of soot/black C might be a smaller fraction of total PyC (<2%) than previously reported. Research on the fate of PyC in the environment has mainly focused on its degradation pathways, and its accumulation and resilience either in situ (surface soils) or in ultimate sinks (marine sediments). Off-site transport, transformation and PyC storage in intermediate pools are often overlooked, which could explain the fate of a substantial fraction of the PyC mobilized annually. We propose new research directions addressing gaps in the global PyC cycle to fully understand the importance of the products of burning in global C cycle dynamics.

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Section: Long-term Fate Of Pycmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a global assessment of pyrogenic carbon from vegetation fires

Santín

Doerr

Kane

et al. 2015

Global Change Biology

289

281

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“…First, graphical analysis of agefrequency distributions used 2000-, 1000-, 500-and 200year time intervals to define major clusters of SHD ages and hence possible multicentennial to millennial phases of enhanced SRSF frequency (Matthews et al 2009;Matthews & Sepp€ al€ a 2015). First, graphical analysis of agefrequency distributions used 2000-, 1000-, 500-and 200year time intervals to define major clusters of SHD ages and hence possible multicentennial to millennial phases of enhanced SRSF frequency (Matthews et al 2009;Matthews & Sepp€ al€ a 2015).…”

Section: Chronology Construction and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Holocene chronologies of SRSF events were constructed from the SHD ages of the 92 SRSF fans using a numberof statistical approaches. First, graphical analysis of agefrequency distributions used 2000-, 1000-, 500-and 200year time intervals to define major clusters of SHD ages and hence possible multicentennial to millennial phases of enhanced SRSF frequency (Matthews et al 2009;Matthews & Sepp€ al€ a 2015). Based on the same events weighted according to their rock volume, a second chronology was constructed showing the changing magnitude of SRSF events through the Holocene.…”

Section: Chronology Construction and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Small rock‐slope failures conditioned by Holocene permafrost degradation: a new approach and conceptual model based on Schmidt‐hammer exposure‐age dating, Jotunheimen, southern Norway

Matthews

Winkler

Wilson

et al. 2018

Boreas

Self Cite

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October): Small rock-slope failures conditioned by Holocene permafrost degradation: a new approach and conceptual model based on Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating, Jotunheimen, southern Norway.Rock-slope failures (RSFs) constitute significant natural hazards, but the geophysical processes that control their timing are poorly understood. However, robust chronologies can provide valuable information on the environmental controls on RSFoccurrence: information that can inform models of RSF activity in response to climatic forcing. This study uses Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating (SHD) of boulder deposits to construct a detailed regional Holocene chronology of the frequency and magnitude of small rock-slope failures (SRSFs) in Jotunheimen, Norway. By focusing on the depositional fans of SRSFs (≤10 3 m 3 ), rather than on the corresponding features of massive RSFs (~10 8 m 3 ), 92 singleevent RSFs are targeted for chronology building. A weighted SHD age-frequency distribution and probability density function analysis indicated four centennial-to millennial-scale periods of enhanced SRSF frequency, with a dominant mode at~4.5 ka. Using change detection and discreet Meyer wavelet analysis, in combination with existing permafrost depth models, we propose that enhanced SRSFactivity was primarily controlled by permafrost degradation. Long-term relative change in permafrost depth provides a compelling explanation for the high-magnitude departures from the SRSF background rate and accounts for: (i) the timing of peak SRSF frequency; (ii) the significant lag (~2.2 ka) between the Holocene Thermal Maximum and the SRSF frequency peak; and (iii) the marked decline in frequency in the late-Holocene. This interpretationis supported bygeomorphological evidence, as the spatialdistributionofSRSFs isstrongly correlatedwith the aspect-dependent lower altitudinal limit ofmountain permafrost in clifffaces. Resultsare indicative of a causal relationship between episodes of relatively warm climate, permafrost degradation and the transition to a seasonal-freezing climatic regime. This study highlights permafrost degradation as a conditioning factor for cliff collapse, and hence the importance of paraperiglacial processes; a result with implications for slope instability in glacial and periglacial environments under global warming scenarios.

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“…The processes of erosion and deposition of sediments were more effective during these phases, having a significant impact on the development of relief in loess areas. During climate deterioration phases, forest fires may have occurred, triggering soil erosion (Dotterweich et al, 2013a; Dreibrodt et al, 2010a, 2010b; Matthews and Seppälä, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene evolution of closed depressions and its relation to landscape dynamics in the loess areas of Poland

Kołodyńska‐Gawrysiak

2019

The Holocene

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Past Pleistocene topography of the loess uplands is rich in local sinks (closed depressions (CDs)) influencing sediment fluxes. Soil-sediment sequences from CDs constituting geoarchives where landscape changes under natural and anthropogenic conditions have been recorded. Pedo-sedimentary archives from 10 CDs in the Polish loess belt and human settlements were analysed. Phases of the Holocene evolution of the CDs were correlated with landscape dynamics in loess areas in Poland and Central Europe. Phases of infilling of CDs occurring (2) from the late Boreal/early Atlantic Period until the (middle) late Bronze Age/early Iron Age and (4) since the early Middle Ages until today were documented. These were phases of long-term soil erosion and colluviation corresponding to the increasing agricultural land use of Polish loess uplands. Phases of soil formation related to geomorphic stabilization of CDs occurred (1) from the late Vistulian until the late Boreal/early Atlantic Period and (3) from the late Bronze Age/early Iron Age until the early/high Middle Ages. These were phases of decreased soil erosion and landform conservation in a considerable part of Poland’s loess areas. Pedo-sedimentary archives from the CDs have recorded soil erosion strongly related with human-induced land-use changes. The mean soil erosion rate in the catchment of CDs was 0.33 t·ha−1·yr−1 during prehistory and 4.0 t·ha−1·yr−1 during the last approximately 1000 years. Phases of CD evolution are representative for the main phases of sediment and landscape dynamics in Poland’s loess areas recorded in various archives, and are not synchronous with some of these phases in Central Europe.

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Holocene colluvial chronology in a sub‐arctic esker landscape atKuttanen,FinnishLapland: kettleholes as geo‐ecological archives of interactions amongst fire, vegetation, soil, climate and geomorphological instability

Cited by 6 publications

References 89 publications

Towards a global assessment of pyrogenic carbon from vegetation fires

Towards a global assessment of pyrogenic carbon from vegetation fires

Small rock‐slope failures conditioned by Holocene permafrost degradation: a new approach and conceptual model based on Schmidt‐hammer exposure‐age dating, Jotunheimen, southern Norway

Holocene evolution of closed depressions and its relation to landscape dynamics in the loess areas of Poland

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