Late Quaternary Environments of the United States
DOI: 10.5749/j.ctttt09b.15
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Holocene Changes in the Vegetation of the Midwest

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Cited by 132 publications
(177 citation statements)
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“…Changes in the relative importance of these three air masses are believed to have caused shifts in the major ecotones bordering the Great Plains grassland (Bryson 1966;Bryson et al 1970;Ritchie 1976;Bartlein et al 1984), including the well-documented expansion and contraction of the eastern prairie-forest border (Winter 1962;Wright et al 1963;McAndrews 1966;Webb et al 1983) and the coincident shift from temperate grassland (tall grass) to more xerophytic grassland (short grass) prairie (Barnosky et al 1987). General circulation patterns enhanced by the last Milankovitch insolation maximum, modulated by periglacial effects of the waning ice sheet, in large part can explain these patterns (Wright 1992).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Changes in the relative importance of these three air masses are believed to have caused shifts in the major ecotones bordering the Great Plains grassland (Bryson 1966;Bryson et al 1970;Ritchie 1976;Bartlein et al 1984), including the well-documented expansion and contraction of the eastern prairie-forest border (Winter 1962;Wright et al 1963;McAndrews 1966;Webb et al 1983) and the coincident shift from temperate grassland (tall grass) to more xerophytic grassland (short grass) prairie (Barnosky et al 1987). General circulation patterns enhanced by the last Milankovitch insolation maximum, modulated by periglacial effects of the waning ice sheet, in large part can explain these patterns (Wright 1992).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…At the LGM, landscapes south of the Laurentide Ice Sheet were probably covered by tundra, boreal forest, or boreal grassland (Baker et al, 1989;Muhs et al, 1999;Schwert et al, 1997;Wells and Stewart, 1987;Wright, 1981), all of which would have relatively low albedos in summer (McFadden and Ragotz- 30°N and 60°N for the last 25,000 cal yr B.P. (Berger and Loutre, 1991), (b) times of colder-than-present climate inferred from the presence of spruce macrofossils or pollen, extralimital northern and western land snails, and extralimital northern mammals (data compiled from the following sources: Baker et al, 1986;1989;FAUNMAP, 1994;Frye et al, 1974;Leonard, 1951;Leonard and Frye, 1960;Licciardi et al, 1998;Rousseau and Kukla, 1994;Ruhe, 1969;Schwert et al, 1997;Watts, 1983;Webb et al, 1983;Wells and Stewart, 1987;Wright, 1981). kie, 1967).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Retrospective studies of this period provide an opportunity to examine vegetational dynamics in response to climatic change. To this end, numerous pollen profiles spanning the Holocene have been published from the midwestern United States, especially Minnesota (22,23). However, a detailed understanding of the vegetational history of the MH remains limited because of similar pollen morphologies of the taxa within Poaceae (the grass family) and because of the likely underrepresentation of pollen from important taxa that are not wind-dispersed, such as insectpollinated forbs.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%