Holmium-YAG Laser ablation characteristics in calvarial lamellar and cortical bone: The role of water and tissue micro-architecture

Wong, B. J. F.; Sung, Vivian W.; Berns, Michael W.; Svaasand, Lars O.; Neev, Joseph

doi:10.1007/bf02133329

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…16 However, so does the magnitude of the stress wave. Therefore a compromise must be made between achieving a good drilling rate and minimizing potentially damaging mechanical transients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time and Frequency Resolved XeCl Laser-Induced Mechanical Transients in Otic Capsule Bone

McCaughey

Wong²,

Neev³

et al. 2008

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery

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Objective-This study identifies the presence of photoacoustic waves during excimer laser treatment of porcine otic capsule bone.Background Data-Pulsed ultraviolet lasers have been suggested for use in middle ear surgery due to their potential for fiberoptic delivery, decreased thermal trauma, and precise ablation characteristics. However, the short pulse width of excimer lasers (typically 10-150 ns) can create large thermoelastic stresses in the ablation specimen.

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“…16 However, so does the magnitude of the stress wave. Therefore a compromise must be made between achieving a good drilling rate and minimizing potentially damaging mechanical transients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,16 The animal was of slaughter age, approximately 21 wk old. The bone surrounding the structures of the inner ear is called endochondral bone and forms the otic capsule.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time and Frequency Resolved XeCl Laser-Induced Mechanical Transients in Otic Capsule Bone

McCaughey

Wong²,

Neev³

et al. 2008

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery

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“…The pores within the calcified matrix are filled with bulk water, creating a network of interconnected channels. Consequently, these pores could serve as escape routes for laser-generated vapor, reducing pressure buildup that has the potential to diminish ablation efficiency [ 46 ]. Due to the aforementioned shortcomings, alternative solutions were sought for a tissue-specific calibration method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography in smart laser osteotomy: temperature feedback

Hamidi,

Bayhaqi,

Canbaz

et al. 2023

Lasers Med Sci

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Thermal effects during bone surgery pose a common challenge, whether using mechanical tools or lasers. An irrigation system is a standard solution to cool the tissue and reduce collateral thermal damage. In bone surgery using Er:YAG laser, insufficient irrigation raises the risk of thermal damage, while excessive water lowers ablation efficiency. This study investigated the potential of optical coherence tomography to provide feedback by relating the temperature rise with the photo-thermal expansion of the tissue. A phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography system (central wavelength of λ=1.288 μm, a bandwidth of 60.9 nm and a sweep rate of 104.17 kHz) was integrated with an Er:YAG laser using a custom-made dichromatic mirror. Phase calibration was performed by monitoring the temperature changes (thermal camera) and corresponding cumulative phase changes using the phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography system during laser ablation. In this experiment, we used an Er:YAG laser with 230 mJ per pulse at 10 Hz for ablation. Calibration coefficients were determined by fitting the temperature values to phase later and used to predict the temperature rise for subsequent laser ablations. Following the phase calibration step, we used the acquired values to predict the temperature rise of three different laser-induced cuts with the same parameters of the ablative laser. The average root-mean-square error for the three experiments was measured to be around 4 °C. In addition to single-point prediction, we evaluated this method’s performance to predict the tissue’s two-dimensional temperature rise during laser osteotomy. The findings suggest that the proposed principle could be used in the future to provide temperature feedback for minimally invasive laser osteotomy.

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“…The honeycombed structure of cortical bone provides mechanical strength with a substantial reduction in bone weight per unit volume. The pore size and spatial distribution of pores in cortical bone differ substantially from lamellar bone (13), and we briefly summarize these properties: The average pore size is estimated to be 0.030 mm2 (± 0.23 mm2) for cortical bone and 0.26 mm2 (± 0.17 mm2) for lamellar bone. The average number of pores per microscopic field (40 x) is 177.4 (± 22.2 ) and 38.8 (± 6.9 ) for cortical and lamellar bone respectively.…”

Section: Tissue Architecture In Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal characteristics of CO 2 , Argon, and KTP (Nd:YAG) ablated bone

et al. 1995

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C02 (10.6 j.tm), Argon (5 14 nm), and KTP(Nd:YAG) (532 nm) are the lasers of choice for the stapedotomy operation. While each of these lasers is effective in surgically treating otoscierosis, few studies exist which compare the relative deleterious effects of these lasers in a model that is relevant to clinical practice and also based on the physics of laser-tissue interactions. This study focuses on surface temperature changes that occur in otic capsule, cortical, and lamellar bone when treated with clinical laser energy densities.Fresh porcine otic capsule, cortical, and lamellar bone were micromachined to a uniform thickness of 0.8 mm. A microspot manipulator was used for CO2, testing both continuous wave (CW) and super-pulse (SP) modes. A focused lens based system was used for argon, and a micro fiber was used for KTP. A Hg-Cd-Te infrared imaging system was used to measure temperature. Hot spot temperatures were recorded, as well as the full width-half maximum (FWHM) of the thermal disturbance at that time. The time for the hot spot to return to ambient temperature was also recorded. With visible wavelengths, the experiments were performed in the presence and absence of an initiator (black ink). Temperature elevations with CW CO2 were markedly elevated relative to SP mode. The CW irradiated tissue also required longer to cool. In both KTP and argon treated bone, minimal surface temperature elevation was recorded in the absence of an initiator. No surface modification was observed by light microscopy. In contrast, the addition of an initiator resulted in marked temperature elevations and significant surface carbonization with these visible wavelengths. The mechanisms of ablation and thermal conduction are discussed along with the clinical relevance of these findings.

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Holmium-YAG Laser ablation characteristics in calvarial lamellar and cortical bone: The role of water and tissue micro-architecture

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Time and Frequency Resolved XeCl Laser-Induced Mechanical Transients in Otic Capsule Bone

Time and Frequency Resolved XeCl Laser-Induced Mechanical Transients in Otic Capsule Bone

Towards phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography in smart laser osteotomy: temperature feedback

Thermal characteristics of CO 2 , Argon, and KTP (Nd:YAG) ablated bone

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