Hollow Rutile Cuboid Arrays Grown on Carbon Fiber Cloth as a Flexible Electrode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Flexible electrodes with high charge storage capacity, low solid-state diffusion resistance toward charges, and excellent mechanical properties are needed for fabricating flexible energy storage devices. In this paper, an approach is described to synthesize a composite material with hollow rutile TiO 2 cuboid arrays supported on carbon fiber cloth (H-TiO 2 @CFC). This composite material is used as a self-supporting and binder-free anode for sodium-ion storage, delivering reversible charge capacities of 287.3 at 0.1 C and 103.3 mAh g −1 at 50 C, respectively. The observed excellent electrochemical performance of the H-TiO 2 @CFC electrode is mainly attributed to its unique architecture, which facilitates ion transport, improves electron conductivity, and enables active surface reactivity toward sodium ions. In situ X-ray diffraction characterization results reveal a nearly zero strain structure of the hollow rutile TiO 2 in H-TiO 2 @CFC against electrochemical cycling. An analysis of the charge storage mechanism reveals a significant pseudocapacitance contribution to the charge storage, accounting for the observed high-rate performance of the electrode. A flexible full cell fabricated with the H-TiO 2 @CFC as the anode and Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 as the cathode exhibits both excellent electrochemical properties and flexibility against mechanical deformation, demonstrating the great promise of the H-TiO 2 @CFC composite material for flexible battery cells.

Wire-in-Wire TiO2/C Nanofibers Free-Standing Anodes for Li-Ion and K-Ion Batteries with Long Cycling Stability and High Capacity

“…Warburg impedance (W1) is associated with Li + diffusion in the solid phase. CPE1 is an analog constant-phase element that is related to the SEI film capacitor, and CPE2 is in connection with double-layer capacitance [ 49 – 51 ]. As shown in Table S1, TiO 2 ww/CN electrode has smaller values of R s , R f , and R ct (1.3, 93.8, and 115.5 Ω) comparing with the TiO 2 /CN electrode (1.5, 240.0, and 405.0 Ω), indicating it possesses faster kinetics in the electrochemical reaction.…”

Encapsulation of Iodine in Nitrogen-Containing Porous Carbon Plate Arrays on Carbon Fiber Cloth as a Freestanding Cathode for Lithium-Iodine Batteries

“…Figure schematically shows the preparation procedure of nitrogen-containing carbon arrays grown on carbon fiber cloth (CFC@PNCA). The pretreatment with nitric acid enriches oxygen-containing groups on the CFC surface and enhances the surface hydrophilicity . Nucleation and growth of ZIF-67 crystals occurred on the hydrophilic surface followed by self-assembly to form platelike particles (CFC@ZIF-67).…”

Fabrication of MnCoOx composite oxides for catalytic CO oxidation via a solid-phase synthesis: the significant effect of the manganese precursor

“…One can find that each catalyst presented a classical Type IV isotherm with a notable hysteresis loop in the relative pressure range of 0.7 o p/p 0 o 1.0, which indicated the formation of irregular mesoporous characteristics. [33][34][35][36] In addition, the textural properties of the Mn 3 Co 16 O x catalysts including the specific surface area (S BET ), pore volume and average pore diameter are derived from nitrogen sorption analysis, and are summarized in Table 1 as viewpoints, it could be proposed that the order of S BET over the prepared Mn 3 Co 16 O x catalysts was well consistent with their catalytic activities for CO oxidation, highlighting the important role of specific surface area in the reaction.…”