Hollow nuclear matter

Abstract

It is generally considered that an atomic nucleus is always compact. Based on the isospindependent Boltzmann nuclear transport model, here I show that large block nuclear matter or excited nuclear matter may both be hollow. And the size of inner bubble in these matter is affected by the charge number of nuclear matter. Existence of hollow nuclear matter may have many implications in nuclear or atomic physics or astrophysics as well as some practical applications.

Effects of the high-momentum tail of nucleon momentum distribution on the isospin-sensitive observables

“…Since we do not intend to study the effect of nuclear symmetry energy, here we just let x = 0. Note here that, besides considering the HMT in momentum initialization, the effect of the HMT on the single particle potential is also considered consistently [34]. For ∆ baryon potential, it is divided into nucleon potential by [20,38] …”

“…To study the effects of the HMT of nucleon momentum distribution on isospin-sensitive observables, we use the Isospin-dependent Boltzmann-UehlingUhlenbeck (IBUU) transport model [20,[29][30][31][32][33][34]. In this IBUU model, nucleon coordinates are given in nucleus with radius R = 1.2 A 1/3 , where A is the mass number of nucleus.…”

“…In this model, we use the isospin-and momentumdependent mean-field single nucleon potential [33,34,36,37] …”

Probing nuclear bubble configuration by the $\pi^{-} / \pi^{+}$ ratio in heavy-ion collisions

“…[15][16][17][18][19][20], while the hollow configuration of atomic nucleus is in fact hard to probe [25]. This is the reason why the existence of bubble nuclei is still in debate.…”

“…Based on the hydrodynamic equations, Borunda and López argued that the hollow configuration is caused by the liquid-like behavior of compressed nuclear matter [14]. The transport model simulations of nuclear collisions at lower incident beam energy also point out the possible bubble configuration in nuclear matter [15][16][17][18][19][20]. And J. Dechargé et al recently gave stable bubble solutions of some specific super-heavy nuclei using the approach of the selfconsistent microscopic Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations with the effective Gogny interaction [1,2].…”