“…These membranes showed superior FO water flux compared to commercial RO membranes, and they have been widely used in OM study. CTA hollow fiber FO and PRO membranes have been developed by Toyobo (Osaka, Japan) [ 25 , 26 ]. Commercial thin film composite (TFC) FO membranes were also provided by a few companies, including HTI [ 27 ], Oasys Water (Boston, MA, USA) [ 28 ], Toray Chemical Korea (Seoul, Korea) [ 29 ], Woongjin Chemical (Seoul, Korea) [ 30 ], Porifera Inc. (San Leandro, CA, USA) [ 31 ], Aquaporin (Kongens Lyngby, Denmark) [ 32 , 33 ], etc.…”