Hollow fiber reverse osmosis: experiments and analysis of radial flow systems

Dandavati, Muru S.; Doshi, Mahendra R.; Gill, William N.

doi:10.1016/0009-2509(75)80052-2

Cited by 54 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Therefore the FCP Model in the case that˚= 1 correspond to the NC Model (Non-Concentration Polarization Model) presented by Dandavati et al [2]. Meanwhile another author has shown that the NC Model which considered pressure drop in the fiber bore, however, neglected this concentration polarization could not show good fit with actual module performance data from experimental results from actual modules operated in a wide-ranged of sodium chloride concentration from low-concentration to high-concentration of seawater by Sekino [6].…”

Section: Channeling Modelmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Gill and Bansal [1] proposed a mathematical model which considers the pressure drop in the fiber bore and a constant salt rejection, assuming no concentration polarization. Gill and co-workers [2,3], improved the above model by introducing the solution-diffusion model and the solution-diffusion-imperfection model. The membrane transport was improved from a constant rejection model to a more realistic model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Study of mass transfer characteristics for a hollow fiber reverse osmosis module

Kumano

Sekino

Matsui

et al. 2008

Journal of Membrane Science

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Section: Channeling Modelmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Study of mass transfer characteristics for a hollow fiber reverse osmosis module

Kumano

Sekino

Matsui

et al. 2008

Journal of Membrane Science

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“…At the same time, mathematical models concerning the mass transport through the membranes (Lonsdale et al, 1965;Sourirajan, 1970;Kedem and Spiegler, 1966;Pusch, 1977;Jonsson and Bcesen, 1975;Johnson and Bennion, 1968) and design methods (McCutchan and Goel, 1974;Chiolle et al, 1978;Gill and Bansal, 1973;Tweddle et al, 1980;Sirkar and Rao, 1981;Sirkar et al, 1982;Dandavati et al, 1975) of industrial plants have also been developed. The former have to do with the chemi-physical behavior of a membrane, usually of small area, under given operating conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In cases where the solvent flux is much greater than the solute flux, Dandavati et al (1975) found an implicit equation for the recovery fraction and an explicit equation for the product concentration of a hollow fiber module. More recently, other authors have derived approximate explicit equations for calculating the length of tubular (Sirkar and Rao, 1981) and spiral wound (Sirkar et al, 1982) modules equipped with almost perfect rejecting membranes under both turbulent and laminar flow conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A short cut method for the design of reverse osmosis desalination plants

Evangelista¹

1985

Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev.

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A graphical-analytical method, analogous to stagewise calculations of unit operations, has been developed for the design of straight-through and tapered reverse osmosis plants, irrespective of the geometrical configuration of their modules. Given the fractional water recovery, using data specifications of commercial modules and knowing the other operating conditions, the method predicts the number of parallel lines of modules M the number of series modules M,, and the average product concentration E, by simple explicit equations. &!hen the value of the dimensionless parameter A , is chosen in the range 0.02-0.1, the method proposed here, applied to the design of commercial desalination systems, gives the same figures for M,, practically identical values for E,, and errors never exceeding 2.5 % for M, if compared to rigorous calculations. The same procedure can also be applied to other pressuredriven membrane processes such as ultrafiltration.

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“…In this case Eq. 7 becomes where PI is the uniform pressure throughout the shell region and P3 is independent of r.The Hagen-Poiseuille equation for flow inside a pipe may be used in the lumen to get where it is recognized that ' u , , , varies with axial position (Dandavati et al, 1975). Equation 9, when combined with a differential momentum balance over a small length of the lumen, gives…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel hollow‐fiber reactor with reversible immobilization of lactase

1988

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Experimental and theoretical studies on a backflush hollow-fiber enzymatic reactor (HFER) were conducted in this work for a lactose/ lactase system. An A. niger lactase was chosen, from the four lactases tested, for reversible immobilization in the sponge layers of the fibers. An enzyme loading procedure was developed that allowed reliable and reproducible operation of the hollow-fiber reactor and produced industrially significant conversions without apparent change in the activity or stability of the lactase used. This reversible immobilization scheme also permitted easy replacement of the enzyme used. The performance of the backflush HFER was investigated and a large number of data concerning its operation were obtained and interpreted. Momentum and mass transports in such a HFER were analyzed, and mathematical models that took the experimental findings into consideration were also developed and solved analytically and/or numerically. Predictions from the computer model developed in this work were found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental data collected, suggesting the possibility of a priori design of a process-scale backflush HFER. With minor modifications, the models developed are expected to be applicable to hollow-fiber reactors with a wide selection of immobilized cells, organelles, and other enzymes. C. K. S. Jones, R. Y. K. Yang, E. T. WhiteDepartment of Chemical Engineering University of Queensland St. Lucia, QLD 4067 Australia Introduction A large number of enzyme immobilization schemes involve chemical coupling of enzymes to a solid support. In addition to chemical binding, physical techniques such as adsorption, gel entrapment, and encapsulation have been used. Enzymes immobilized by encapsulation usually can expect to experience an environment similar to that of free enzymes in an aqueous solution. In particular, if the enzyme is encapsulated after the formation of an encapsulating medium, it should retain its intrinsic kinetic properties.Examples of the last method of immobilization are the hollow-fiber enzymatic reactor (HFER) investigated by Breslau and Kilcullen (1975), Robertson et al. (1976), Rony (1971), and Waterland et al. (1974. All these reactors allow the enzymes to be truly immobilized under mild conditions without causing alteration of their inherent kinetic behaviors. However, Corrspondencc concerning this paper should be addressed to R. Y. K. Yang. whose current address is Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University. Morgantown. WV 26506-6101. AIChE Journal February 1988with the notable exception of the first work, all these reactor schemes relied solely on diffusion as the means of contacting substrates and enzymes. Breslau and Kilcullen have suggested a number of HFER's in which the bulk flow is an important transport mechanism. Of great interest is the backflush mode of operating a HFER, in which substrates flow from the shell of a hollow-fiber cartridge to the lumina of the fibers, and enzymes are loaded into the sponge layers of the anisotropic ...

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Hollow fiber reverse osmosis: experiments and analysis of radial flow systems

Cited by 54 publications

References 5 publications

Study of mass transfer characteristics for a hollow fiber reverse osmosis module

Study of mass transfer characteristics for a hollow fiber reverse osmosis module

A short cut method for the design of reverse osmosis desalination plants

A novel hollow‐fiber reactor with reversible immobilization of lactase

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