“…5,6 However, these methods have several inherent disadvantages, such as being time-consuming, requiring the use of hazardous chemical solvents, and being labour-intensive. 7 Several microextraction techniques have been developed to alleviate these limitations, including hollow fibre liquid–liquid microextraction, 8 dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, 2 and headspace solid-phase microextraction. 9…”