Hollow carbon-based materials for electrocatalytic and thermocatalytic CO₂ conversion

Abstract

This review covers the syntheses, functionalization strategies of hollow carbon-based materials, as well as their applications in electrocatalytic and thermocatalytic CO2 conversion.

Fabrication of Cu-MOF-Derived Cu/CuxO/C Bifunctional Materials for Light and Dark Catalytic Properties

“…23−26 On the other hand, MOFs are modified by pyrolysis and doping, and MOF-derived materials are prepared and applied in the fields of environmental remediation, catalysts, and energy storage devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors, thus inheriting the original excellent properties of MOF. 27 However, as far as we are aware, fewer studies have been conducted on the synergistic Using Cu-MOF as a template and designing appropriate pyrolysis conditions, on the one hand, derivative materials with diverse structures and compositions can be obtained; on the other hand, since the metal nodes in Cu-MOF are regularly arranged, it is easier to form complexes of carbon and metal species (metals or metal oxides) during in situ pyrolysis. Therefore, using Cu-MOF as a template, a class of materials with light−dark catalytic effects can be designed and synthesized in a targeted manner.…”

“…Metal–organic framework (MOF) materials are self-assembled skeleton compounds with periodic network structures from ligands and metal ions, which, thanks to their unique advantages, such as their porosity, large particular area of surface, and plenty of active functional groups, have garnered a lot of interest. − On the other hand, MOFs are modified by pyrolysis and doping, and MOF-derived materials are prepared and applied in the fields of environmental remediation, catalysts, and energy storage devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors, thus inheriting the original excellent properties of MOF . However, as far as we are aware, fewer studies have been conducted on the synergistic effect of dark light by using MOFs or MOF-derived materials.…”

Advancing the Development of Hollow Micro/nanostructured Materials for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting: Current State, Challenges, and Perspectives

“…48,49 Fast growth of template-involved methodologies from soft/hard templating to self-templated approaches has driven hollow catalyst development and optimization. 50 Several perspectives and reviews provide in-depth analyses of the development of basic techniques and preparation methods of hollow structural materials for diverse catalysis. 51 Due to the rapid advances in electrocatalytic water splitting, we believe it is timely to review their advantages and to promote the design strategies of hollow micro/nanostructures in this promising field.…”

“…Hard/soft-templating procedures have been used to synthesize hollow structures, whereby the template serves as a support for the desired catalyst covering and is eliminated to create voids. , Self-templated techniques, which immediately transform reactants into hollow structures without template elimination, are gaining popularity. Self-templated techniques include outward diffusion, heterogeneous contraction, and controlled etching based on interior void generation. , Fast growth of template-involved methodologies from soft/hard templating to self-templated approaches has driven hollow catalyst development and optimization …”