Holistic word context does not influence holistic processing of artificial objects in an interleaved composite task

Ventura, Paulo; Pereira, Alexandre; Xufre, Eunice; Pereira, Marta Máximo; Ribeiro, Sofia; Ferreira, Inês; Madeira, Mariana Amaral Matos; Martins, Ana Cristina Azevedo; Domingues, Miguel

doi:10.3758/s13414-019-01812-6

Cited by 5 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…It is worth noting that the same finding was replicated in the second experiment, in that RTs were faster to eight letter words than other categories regardless of colors (i.e., blue vs. green), suggesting that white, green, and blue colors interfere word processing speed in cerebral cortex and modulate the influence of selective attention. These findings supported the previous interpretation of white colored words, by suggesting that the competition between specific colors (i.e., white, blue, green) and words lead to reverse the selective attention effect in cerebral hemispheres, and increase the RT with the increment of word length, suggesting that words are processed holistically (Ventura et al, 2019;Wong et al, 2019;Carlos et al, 2019;Martin et al, 2012;Maurer, Rossion & McCandliss, 2008), and colors modulate visual processing in the cerebral hemisphere (Sun et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Efectos simultáneos de la atención y los colores en la velocidad de procesamiento en los hemisferios cerebrales de las palabras árabes

Abdelrheem

2021

(EJEP

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Se ha debatido si la atención o los colores pueden modular la velocidad de procesamiento de las modalidades visuales en los hemisferios cerebrales. Estudios electrofisiológicos han demostrado que la atención o los colores modulan las primeras etapas de la actividad neuronal cerebral cuando se procesaron estos estímulos. Sin embargo, no se han investigado los efectos simultáneos de la atención y el color sobre la velocidad del procesamiento de textos árabes en ambos hemisferios cerebrales. Estudiamos los efectos combinados de la atención y los colores en el hemisferio cerebral derecho e izquierdo. En dos experimentos, los estímulos de palabras se presentaron en diferentes longitudes, y los colores en los hemicampos derecho e izquierdo al azar. Se instruyó a los participantes a detectar el color específico de la palabra usando dedos índice. Los resultados informaron que los tiempos de reacción "RTs" se incrementaron cuando las letras de las palabras disminuyeron, y fueron más largos en el hemicampo derecho que en el izquierdo para palabras de color blanco y verde. Se informó de un patrón opuesto para las palabras de color rojo y azul, en que los RTs eran más largos en el hemicampo izquierdo que derecho. Los hallazgos sugieren que los colores pueden modular la velocidad de procesamiento del hemisferio cerebral ante estas modalidades visuales. Además, la atención puede cambiar la forma en que la corteza cerebral está respondiendo a palabras en colores con diferente longitud. En conclusión, estos hallazgos sugirieron que los efectos combinados de la atención y los colores, modulan la velocidad de procesamiento en los hemisferios cerebrales.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Efectos simultáneos de la atención y los colores en la velocidad de procesamiento en los hemisferios cerebrales de las palabras árabes

Abdelrheem

2021

(EJEP

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“…This congruency effect for word stimuli has now been replicated numerous times (e.g., Chen et al, 2016; Ventura et al, 2017, 2019, 2020; Wong et al, 2012) and clearly indicates that participants have difficulty constraining attention to part of a word. As discussed by Ventura (2014), this result is not altogether surprising given that the neural architecture that supports reading (i.e., the visual word form area [VWFA]) may have developed to support other holistic visual processes like face recognition (see also Dehaene, 2005; but see Ventura et al, 2019 for evidence that different neural mechanisms may underlie the holistic processing of words and faces). What is surprising, however, is that Wong et al (2011) reported a greater congruency effect for low-frequency words relative to high-frequency words.…”

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confidence: 62%

“…One method that has been used extensively to assess holistic processing (and is used in the current study) is the composite task (Hole, 1994; Young et al, 1987). Importantly, this task, which was originally developed for face stimuli, has been useful in assessing holistic processing in a range of categories (Gauthier et al, 1998), which now includes words (Chen et al, 2016; Ventura et al, 2019; Wong et al, 2011). In Wong et al’s (2011) experiments, participants were first shown a study word with a vertical line at its centre (e.g., “la|dy”) and were told to hold this word in memory (the sequence of events is shown in Figure 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Word frequency does not moderate the degree to which people can selectively attend to parts of visually presented words

Kahan

Slowiaczek

Scott

et al. 2020

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Whether attention is allocated to an entire word or can be confined to part of a word was examined in an experiment using a visual composite task. Participants saw a study word, a cue to attend to either the right or left half, and a test word, and indicated if the cued half of the words (e.g., left) was the same (e.g., TOLD-TONE) or different (e.g., TOLD-WINE). Prior research using this task reports a larger congruency effect for low-frequency words relative to high-frequency words but extraneous variables were not equated. In the current study (N=33) lexical (orthographic neighborhood density) and sub-lexical (bigram frequency) variables were controlled, and word frequency was manipulated. Results indicate that word frequency does not moderate the degree to which parts of a word can be selectively attended/ignored. Response times to high frequency words were faster than response times to low-frequency words but the congruency effect was equivalent. The data support a capacity model where attention is equally distributed across low-frequency and high-frequency words but low-frequency words require additional processing resources.

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“…These context effects were previously found by Richler, Bukach, and Gauthier (2009) with faces and Greebles. Ventura et al (2019) used a different type of artificial objects, Ziggerins (Wong et al, 2009), and found no evidence that an aligned word (which is processed holistically) induces a stronger congruency effect on artificial objects than on aligned pseudowords (which are not processed holistically). Given the time one trial takes in this task (but in accordance with those used by Richler et al, 2009), holistic word processing may reflect rather late linguistic, lexical/ orthographic processes, which may not be abstract enough to allow an influence on other, nonlinguistic categories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Ventura et al (2017) showed that the composite effect was similar for the three types of words, suggesting an involvement at the level of abstract lexical representations. In a second study, Ventura et al (2019), evaluated whether contextually induced congruency effects can occur within a single trial between words and artificial objects. These context effects were previously found by Richler, Bukach, and Gauthier (2009) with faces and Greebles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further evidence for a late locus of holistic word processing: Exploring vertex effect in the word composite task

Ventura

Delgado

Guerreiro

et al. 2020

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Previous studies have shown a rather late and lexical level for holistic word processing. In the present study, we evaluated whether there are early effects in holistic processing of words, taking into consideration the role of lower-level visual processes that are critical in the hierarchy of visual word recognition: the extraction of viewpoint-invariant line junctions/vertices. We used contour-deleted words in two conditions: preservation of the vertices versus preservation of midsegments and an all-contour condition. We found evidence of a composite effect that was equivalent for all materials. Thus, we found no evidence of an early contribution of holistic processing to word recognition, and confirmed that holistic word processing is related to late lexical orthographic representations.

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Holistic word context does not influence holistic processing of artificial objects in an interleaved composite task

Cited by 5 publications

References 70 publications

Efectos simultáneos de la atención y los colores en la velocidad de procesamiento en los hemisferios cerebrales de las palabras árabes

Efectos simultáneos de la atención y los colores en la velocidad de procesamiento en los hemisferios cerebrales de las palabras árabes

Word frequency does not moderate the degree to which people can selectively attend to parts of visually presented words

Further evidence for a late locus of holistic word processing: Exploring vertex effect in the word composite task

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