Holistic Understanding: A Qualitative Study on Parental and Teacher Experiences in Describing Coping Mechanisms Among Children with Special Needs in Indonesia

Abstract

Background Children with Special Needs are vulnerable groups that require special attention from various aspects. The existence of children with special needs in Pangandaran District is difficult to reach because it tends to be hidden by families. So that, the development of children with special needs is not optimal due to the unmet needs. It can lead to be a stigma in community. This study aimed to explore coping mechanism of parent and teacher in caring the children with special needs. Method This study used qualitative descriptive research design. Participants in this study consisted of two groups, namely parents and teachers in Special Schools with a total of 18 people. The data collection process was using Focused Group Discussion (FGD). The data was analyzed by thematic analysis. Results The data was analyzed using thematic analysis methods so that relevant themes were found to the statements expressed by the participants. The results of the data analysis obtained four main themes related to parents' experiences in caring for children with special needs, namely adaptive behavior, maladaptive behavior, sources of coping for children with special needs, dilemmas about the future of children with special needs, and parents' responses related to children's conditions. There are similar problems and coping mechanism both of parents and teacher, such as support system and facility that they can access. Conclusions This study highlights that the majority of parents and teachers report that children with special needs exhibit maladaptive behavior as a coping mechanism. Both parents and teachers of special children need support from various aspects to build their coping mechanism. Meanwhile, this study can be implied as justification to develop a support group for parents to increase awareness about children with disabilities and their needs.