Holistic Air Protection Scheme of ADS-B Communication

Braeken, An

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2917793

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, most affordable mobile cockpit solutions in the current literature are untested against cyberattacks. Many studies had outlined several types of attacks against ADS-B [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], but only a few of them practically and deeply investigated the cybersecurity concerns. The lack of thorough investigation of radio frequency (RF) link-based attacks on ADS-B, the attacks' impact on various ADS-B installations, and the error-handling capabilities of diverse ADS-B setups motivated us to conduct this research.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cybersecurity Attacks on Software Logic and Error Handling Within ADS-B Implementations: Systematic Testing of Resilience and Countermeasures

Khandker¹,

Turtiainen²,

Costin³

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst.

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Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) is a cornerstone of the next-generation digital sky and is now mandated in several countries. However, there have been many reports of serious security vulnerabilities in the ADS-B architecture. In this paper, we demonstrate and evaluate the impact of multiple cyberattacks on ADS-B via remote radio frequency links that affected various network, processing, and display subsystems used within the ADS-B ecosystem.Overall we implemented and tested 12 cyberattacks on ADS-B in a controlled environment, out of which 5 attacks were presented or implemented for the first time. For all these attacks, we developed a unique testbed that consisted of 13 hardware devices and 22 software that ran on Android, iOS, Linux, and Windows operating systems, which result in a total of 36 tested configurations. Each of the attacks was successful on various subsets of the tested configurations. In some attacks, we discovered wide qualitative variations and discrepancies in how particular configurations react to and treat ADS-B inputs that contain errors or contradicting flight information, with the main culprit almost always being the software implementation. In some other attacks, we managed to cause Denial of Service (DoS) by remotely crashing/impacting more than 50% of the test-set that corresponded to those attacks.Besides demonstrating successful attacks, we also implemented, investigated, and report herein some practical countermeasures to these attacks. We demonstrated that the strong relationship between the received signal strength and the distance-toemitter might help verify the aircraft's advertised ADS-B position and distance. For example, our best machine learning models achieved 90% accuracy in detecting spoofed ADS-B signals, which may be effectively used to distinguish ADS-B signals of real aircraft from spoofed signals of attackers.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cybersecurity Attacks on Software Logic and Error Handling Within ADS-B Implementations: Systematic Testing of Resilience and Countermeasures

Khandker¹,

Turtiainen²,

Costin³

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst.

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“…Since, ADS-B device has broadcast nature, it is not required to encryption. Providing identification and source integrity are enough solution for ADS-B security [12]- [15]. However, these methods have disadvantages, such as key distribution and management problems.…”

Section: The Proposed Security Solutions For Ads-bmentioning

confidence: 99%

SoK of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Based Anomaly Detection Methods for Automatic Dependent Surveillance- Broadcast

Çevik,

Akleylek

2024

IEEE Access

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This paper focuses on the vulnerabilities of ADS-B, one of the avionics systems, and the countermeasures taken against these vulnerabilities proposed in the literature. Anomaly detection methods based on machine learning and deep learning algorithms among proposed countermeasures against vulnerabilities of ADS-B are analyzed in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of using an anomaly detection system on ADS-B data are investigated. Thanks to advances in machine learning and deep learning in the last decade, it has become more appropriate to use anomaly detection systems to detect anomalies in ADS-B systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey focused on studies that use machine learning and deep learning algorithms for ADS-B security. In this context; this paper addresses research on this topic from different perspectives, and draws a road map for future research, and searches for five research questions related to machine learning and deep learning algorithms used on anomaly detection systems.

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“…Braeken 2019 [30] Holistic Air Protection (HAP) system that offers multifaceted ADS-B data security, using implicit certificates and elliptic curve-based Signcryption to enable encryption and signing in a single step, providing authentication and confidentiality options within the standard 1090ES format, surpassing TESLA's performance with some added data bits trade-off. actions like selective transmission disabling, controlled data sharing, and cross-referencing with voice communication.…”

Section: Literature Review and Gap Analysis A Industrial Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Securing ADS-B Communications through a Novel Authentication Framework

Khan,

Ghafoor

2023

Preprint

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<p>ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast) is a transmission protocol for aircraft position sensing and reporting, required in air traffic surveillance. It plays a crucial role in enhancing flight safety, air traffic management, and situational awareness. However, the security and privacy of ADS-B is a growing concern due to potential vulnerabilities that can be exploited by malicious actors. This research paper presents a cryptographic solution to enhance the security of ADS-B. As existing regulations prohibit data encryption due to the broadcast nature of ADS-B, the proposed solution focuses on ensuring authenticity and integrity of transmitted information. The approach used in this paper combines symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic techniques to provide robust security mechanisms while minimizing computational overhead. The proposed scheme also ensures that the existing protocol structure remain preserved. The proposed scheme reduces the impact of compromised key pairs, enables efficient key distribution, and addresses diverse technological capabilities across regions. The proposed approach offers a practical solution to secure ADS-B transmission without compromising real-time performance.</p>

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Holistic Air Protection Scheme of ADS-B Communication

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Cybersecurity Attacks on Software Logic and Error Handling Within ADS-B Implementations: Systematic Testing of Resilience and Countermeasures

Cybersecurity Attacks on Software Logic and Error Handling Within ADS-B Implementations: Systematic Testing of Resilience and Countermeasures

SoK of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Based Anomaly Detection Methods for Automatic Dependent Surveillance- Broadcast

Securing ADS-B Communications through a Novel Authentication Framework

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