Hole transporting material-free and annealing-free thermal evaporated planar perovskite solar cells with an ultra-thin CH3NH3PbI3−Cl  layer

Su, Zisheng; Hou, Fuhua; Jin, Fangming; Wang, Lidan; Li, Yantao; Zhu, Jianzhuo; Chu, Bei; Li, Wenlian

doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2015.07.028

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This means that this interface can be applied to fabricate device with anode/perovskite/ETL/cathode structure, where the interface between perovskite and ITO determines hole extraction. This is consistent with the reported devices, where HTL‐free PSCs with 0.8–1.0 V of V oc and 5–15% of PCE were obtained.…”

Section: Ela For Specific Interfacessupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Considering that the use of extra materials brings the complexity of fabrication process and increases the cost of PSCs, HTL‐free or ETL‐free PSCs with 5–15% PCE (as listed in Tables 2 and 3 ) have been demonstrated . For HTL‐free PSCs, the perovskite layer is usually covered by Au electrode or the perovskite film is directly deposited on ITO electrode.…”

Section: Ela For Specific Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The employment of C 60 in PSC was first reported by Jeng et al, who demonstrated that the MAPbI 3 /C 60 is a donor/acceptor heterojunction (being similar as organic solar cell) . After that, fullerene and its derivative (PCBM) were widely used to be an effective electron transport/extraction layer for conventional‐structured PSCs . C 60 is generally prepared by thermal evaporation in ultrahigh vacuum (both for device fabrication and interface studies) due to the good thermal stability and flexibility of controlling film thickness, while PCBM is generally prepared by the spin‐coating solution method because of the good solubility in organic solvent and the inferior thermal stability …”

Section: Ela For Specific Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Energy Level Alignment at Interfaces in Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Wang

Sakurai

Wen

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Inter

244

200

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less than one decade, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have rapidly been achieved to 22.7%, i.e., a level that is nearly on par with traditional silicon solar cells. [2] In addition, efficient, flexible, [3] color-tunable, and semitransparent PSCs [4] have also been demonstrated, showing the merit for application in portable devices and building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). Therefore, PSCs are considered to be the most promising candidate for next-generation high efficiency solar cell technology, and they hold great potential in photovoltaic market in the near future.Perovskite has a general ABX 3 structure. For newly emerged organic-inorganic halide perovskites for photovoltaic application, A represents methylammonium (namely, CH 3 NH 3 + , abbreviated as MA + ), formamidinium (namely, CH(NH 2 ) 2 + , abbreviated as FA + ), and Cs + (including its mixture with MA + and/or FA + ), B represents metal ions, including Pb 2+ and/or Sn 2+ , and X represents halide anions, such as I − , Br − , and Cl − (including the mixture of them). [1f,5] The basic structures of PSCs are shown in Figure 1a. Generally, there are two kinds of structures, namely, mesoporous structure and planar structure. A mesoporous-structured PSC consists of transport conductive oxide (TCO)/compact layer TiO 2 (cl-TiO 2 )/mesoporous layer (TiO 2 or Al 2 O 3 )/perovskite/ hole transport layer (HTL)/metal anode. The planar-structured PSC has an architecture: cathode/electron transport layer (ETL)/ perovskite/HTL/anode for conventional structure or anode/ HTL/perovskite/ETL/cathode for inverted structure. Both of the mesoporous and the planar PSCs are reported to yield high PCE. [6] As can be seen from Figure 1a, a PSC consists of several layers, including electrodes (cathode and anode), absorber layer, and carrier transport layers. The absorber layer is basically metal halide perovskite (such as MAPbI 3 and FAPbI 3 ), [7] mixed metal halide perovskite (such as FA 1−x MA x Pb(I 1−y Br y ) 3 ), [8] or inorganic perovskite (CsPbI 3 ). [9] For the ETL or HTL, it can be either inorganic (such as TiO 2 , SnO 2 , ZnO, CuI, NiO, etc.) [10] or organic material (such as phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), fullerene (C 60 ), 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD), poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN), polytriarylamine (PTAA), poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), etc.). [11] Figure 1b simply shows a schematic representation of the interfaces and the energy levels in a PSC with planar structure (regardless of The rapid progress of organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has attracted broad interest in photovoltaic community. A typical PSC consists of anode/cathode, a perovskite layer as absorber, and carrier transport layer(s) (electron/hole transport layer(s)), which are stacked together, resulting in multi-interfaces between these layers. Charge extraction and transport in these solar...

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Section: Ela For Specific Interfacessupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Ela For Specific Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ela For Specific Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Energy Level Alignment at Interfaces in Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Wang

Sakurai

Wen

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Inter

244

200

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The PCE dropped to~3.72% from the initial value of~6.21%. A similar report on HTM free PSCs [334] showed a drop in PCE, FF and J SC (Fig. 23b); however, the V OC showed a slight increase.…”

Section: Stability Of Htm Free and Monolithic Perovskite Solar Cellssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…23. (a) Long-term stability performance of various HTM-free PSCs stored in air at room temperature without encapsulation [333], (b) photovoltaic parameters as a function of aging time for the device with a 35 nm CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 x Cl x [334], (c) stability test of unencapsulated PSCs employing PEDOT;PSS and CuO x as HTM performed in air [232], and (d) stability of the device subjected to light soaking at room temperature without encapsulation [335]. Figures are reproduced with permission from the references.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in hole transport materials engineering for stable and efficient perovskite solar cells

et al. 2017

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This article reviews the various hole transporting materials (HTMs) used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in achieving high photo conversion efficiency (PCE) and operational stability. The PSCs are the latest development in solution processable solar cells offering PCE (~22%) on a par with that of practically deployed silicon and thin film solar cells. HTMs and electron transporting materials (ETMs) are important constituents in PSCs as they selectively transport charges within the device, influence photovoltaic parameters, determine device stability and also influence its cost. This article critically approaches role of structure, electrochemistry, and physical properties of varied of choice of HTMs categorized diversely as small and long polymers, organometallic, and inorganic on the photovoltaic parameters of PSCs conceived in various device configurations. Achievements in tailoring the properties of HTMs to best fit for PSCs are detailed; a well designed HTM suppresses carrier recombination by facilitating the passage of holes but blocking electrons at the HTM/perovskite interface. Moreover, in many PSCs the HTM acts as the first line of defense to external degrading factors such as humidity, oxygen and photon dose, the extent of which depends on its hydrophobicity, permeability, and density.

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Binary Solvent System Used to Fabricate Fully Annealing‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Cassella

Spooner

Smith

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites are rapidly approaching state-of-the-art silicon solar cells, with bestperforming devices now reaching power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 25.7%. [1] Although stability remains a challenge for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), their solution-processability represents a major advantage. Techniques such as blade coating, [2] slot-die coating, [3] and spray coating [4] are compatible with roll-to-roll (R2R) processing, which-in principleshould allow much higher throughput speeds than existing silicon solar technologies. However, the lengthy annealing times used to crystallize the perovskite active layer reduce the maximum theoretical web speeds that could be achieved in a practical manufacture process.In 2020, Rolston et al. demonstrated the highest coating speeds of any scalable PSC processing technologies, achieving production speeds of >12 m min −1 . [5] Spray coating was combined with an atmospheric plasma postprocessing route, [6] creating PSC devices and modules with a PCE of 18% and 15.5%, respectively. Critically, these were fabricated without annealing the perovskite layer. At these speeds, the module cost is expected to be fully competitive with Si. [7] In contrast, the calculated throughput rate for spin-coated PSCs incorporating a 10-min anneal is just 0.017 m min −1 ; a rate prohibitive for commercialization. Furthermore, high temperature processing steps increase device manufacturing costs through increased utility costs and reduced throughput. [8] High process temperatures are also incompatible with many sensitive flexible (polymeric) substrates that are expected to be important in "Internet of Things" applications. [9,10] This growing market is expected to reduce the initial investment and barrier to market entry for perovskites by an order of magnitude. [11] Many approaches to create "annealing-free" PSCs have been demonstrated. For example, thermal evaporation of the perovskite layer without any post-annealing treatments can be used to realize devices having reasonable PCEs of up to 15.7%. [12,13] Zhou et al. demonstrated devices with a PCE of 15.7% for MAPbI 3 (where MA is methylammonium) films grown via electrochemical fabrication. [14] The use of antisolvent High temperature post-deposition annealing of hybrid lead halide perovskite thin films-typically lasting at least 10 min-dramatically limits the maximum roll-to-roll coating speed, which determines solar module manufacturing costs. While several approaches for "annealing-free" perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been demonstrated, many are of limited feasibility for scalable fabrication. Here, this work has solvent-engineered a high vapor pressure solvent mixture of 2-methoxy ethanol and tetrahydrofuran to deposit highly crystalline perovskite thin-films at room temperature using gas-quenching to remove the volatile solvents. Using this approach, this work demonstrates p-i-n devices with an annealing-free MAPbI 3 perovskite layer achieving stabilized power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 1...

show abstract

Hole transporting material-free and annealing-free thermal evaporated planar perovskite solar cells with an ultra-thin CH3NH3PbI3−Cl layer

Cited by 15 publications

References 42 publications

Energy Level Alignment at Interfaces in Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Energy Level Alignment at Interfaces in Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Advances in hole transport materials engineering for stable and efficient perovskite solar cells

Binary Solvent System Used to Fabricate Fully Annealing‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells

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