Hole-transport material variation in fully vacuum deposited perovskite solar cells

Polander, Lauren E.; Pahner, Paul; Schwarze, Martin; Saalfrank, Matthias; Koerner, Christian; Leo, Karl

doi:10.1063/1.4889843

Cited by 171 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…[ 42,43 ] The approach presented here will potentially lead to a better control of the transport and electroluminescent properties of the device, as well as to the possibility of a wide industrial application. Despite the relatively high EQE reached (0.35%) further studies are needed to deeply understand the relationship between fabrication procedures and morphology with the electroluminescence of perovskite fi lms in LEDs aiming at obtaining outstanding performances in the coming future.…”

Section: Wileyonlinelibrarycommentioning

confidence: 98%

Fully Vapor‐Deposited Heterostructured Light‐Emitting Diode Based on Organo‐Metal Halide Perovskite

Genco

Mariano

Carallo

et al. 2016

Adv Elect Materials

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Section: Wileyonlinelibrarycommentioning

confidence: 98%

Fully Vapor‐Deposited Heterostructured Light‐Emitting Diode Based on Organo‐Metal Halide Perovskite

Genco

Mariano

Carallo

et al. 2016

Adv Elect Materials

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“…Other polymeric hole conductor materials have been tested, 37 which indicates that some of the superficial CH 3 NH + 3 is lost after the perovskite crystal formation. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 cations on the adsorption process.…”

Section: Adsorption Of Methoxybenzenementioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Effects and Adsorption of Methoxy Anchors on Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskites: Insights for Spiro-MeOTAD Attachment

Rego

2014

J. Phys. Chem. C

117

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Despite the intense study that has been carried out on hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites, motivated by the breakthrough of perovskite solar cells, the surface properties of the methylammonium (MA) lead-halide perovskites still remain vastly unexplored. The polar structure of the hybrid perovskites suggests that their surface properties are important to the operation of the photovoltaic devices. To gain insight into these properties we have investigated the (001) the surfaces of the hybrid CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite by a combination of ab-initio methods that include the surface relaxation and the molecular dynamics simulations. We also investigated the binding modes of the methoxybenzene (anisole molecule, CH 3 OC 6 H 5 ) on the perovskite surface, with the goal of clarifying the perovskite/spiro-MeOTAD attachment mechanisms. It is found that the methoxybenzene can adsorb on the (001) octahedral surface of the MAPbI 3 perovskite depleted of the methylammonium cation, where the methoxy group finds a stable minimum of ∼ 38.6 kJ/mol in the interstice of the corner sharing PbI 6 octahedra. However, there is no stable attachment site for the methoxybenzene on the PbI 2 flat (001) surface of the perovskite. The attachment mechanism is governed by the electrostatic interaction of the 1

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“…In the future, large-area scalable process for the other constituent layers such as vapor phase deposition of HTM, sputtered TiO 2 thin fi lm or electrophoresis deposited mesoscopic layer, vapor phase deposited or electroplated PbI 2 can be integrated with the LPHCVD process to make large-area module feasible. [ 12,13,32 ] These topics are currently under investigation in our research activities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some similar works using dual-source coevaporation method have been reported. [ 11,12 ] Since then a modifi ed layer-by-layer sequential vacuum evaporation method, which thermally sublimated PbCl 2 and MAI one after another onto the PSS:PEDOT/ITO substrate, was fi rst applied to form CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x absorber layer. The photovoltaic performance of solar cells reached 15.4%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Pressure Hybrid Chemical Vapor Growth for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells and Large‐Area Module

Shen

Chen

Chiang

et al. 2016

Adv Materials Inter

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by modifying the deposition techniques. Currently, solution-processed and vaporassisted routes dominate the fabrication approaches for perovskite absorber layer.Nowadays, solution-processed spincoating method is still the major approach to synthesize perovskite fi lm for high effi ciency PSCs. [4][5][6] Various deposition routes have been developed to prevent the unwanted phenomena such as fast crystallization rate and incomplete coverage which resulted in poor quality perovskite fi lm. For instance, solvent engineering using toluene, [ 6 ] diethyl ether, [ 7 ] or other solvents [ 8 ] was conducted to produce shiny mirror-like perovskite fi lm with effi cient perovskite solar cells and excellent reproducibility. Despite the extremely high device effi ciency achieved by solution-processed approach, fabrication of large-area perovskite module for commercial purpose remained challenging with spin-coating process.Vapor-based deposition technique for perovskite fi lm preparation is considered as a promising approach which not only prevents fast reaction rate but also benefi ts for large-scale perovskite module fabrication. With regard to the reduction of the reaction rate for pin-hole-free high-quality absorber layer, several works applying various vapor-assisted deposition techniques for perovskite (APbX 3 , A = CH 3 NH 3 or CH(NH 2 ) 2 , X = Cl, Br, or I) layer fabrication have been reported recently. In 2013, a dualsource coevaporation deposition of organic CH 3 NH 3 I (MAI) and inorganic PbCl 2 in high vacuum chamber successfully created a uniform fl at CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x layer. A remarkable PCE of 15% [ 8 ] incorporating with spiro-MeOTAD has been achieved. The inverted planar perovskite solar cells incorporating with organic hole blocking layer have also been reported applying dual-source evaporation route using PbI 2 (250 °C) and MAI (70 °C) as evaporation sources and the effi ciency of solar cells was 12%.[ 9 ] The efficiency was then further optimized up to 14.8% [ 10 ] (0.065 cm 2 ) for small-area device and 10% for larger-area device (≈1 cm 2 ). Some similar works using dual-source coevaporation method have been reported. [ 11,12 ] Since then a modifi ed layer-by-layer sequential vacuum evaporation method, which thermally sublimated PbCl 2 and MAI one after another onto the PSS:PEDOT/ITO substrate, was fi rst applied to form CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x absorber layer. The photovoltaic performance of solar cells reached 15.4%. [ 13 ] Similar work was reported by introducing a graphite vessel rather than high vacuum chamber to sequentially evaporate PbI 2 /MAI and obtained a best PSCs of 13.7%. [ 14 ] However, owing to their material properties for MAI and PbCl 2 , controlling the codeposition Vapor-based deposition technique is considered as a promising approach for preparing a high-quality and uniform perovskite thin fi lm. With evolution from coevaporation deposition to a low-pressure vapor-assisted solution process, both energy budget and reaction yield for perovskite fi lm fabrications are improved. In th...

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Hole-transport material variation in fully vacuum deposited perovskite solar cells

Abstract: Effect of electric field on the spray deposited poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) layer and its use in organic solar cell

Cited by 171 publications

References 26 publications

Fully Vapor‐Deposited Heterostructured Light‐Emitting Diode Based on Organo‐Metal Halide Perovskite

Fully Vapor‐Deposited Heterostructured Light‐Emitting Diode Based on Organo‐Metal Halide Perovskite

Surface Effects and Adsorption of Methoxy Anchors on Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskites: Insights for Spiro-MeOTAD Attachment

Low‐Pressure Hybrid Chemical Vapor Growth for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells and Large‐Area Module

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