Hole spin qubits in thin curved quantum wells

Abstract

Hole spin qubits are frontrunner platforms for scalable quantum computers because of their large spin-orbit interaction which enables ultrafast all-electric qubit control at low power. The fastest spin qubits to date are defined in long quantum dots with two tight confinement directions, when the driving field is aligned to the smooth direction. However, in these systems the lifetime of the qubit is strongly limited by charge noise, a major issue in hole qubits. We propose here a different, scalable qubit design, compatible with planar CMOS technology, where the hole is confined in a curved germanium quantum well surrounded by silicon. This design takes full advantage of the strong spin-orbit interaction of holes, and at the same time suppresses charge noise in a wide range of configurations, enabling highly coherent, ultrafast qubit gates. While here we focus on a Si/Ge/Si curved quantum well, our design is also applicable to different semiconductors. Strikingly, these devices allow for ultrafast operations even in short quantum dots by a transversal electric field. This additional driving mechanism relaxes the demanding design constraints, and opens up a new way to reliably interface spin qubits in a single quantum dot to microwave photons. By considering stateof-the-art high-impedance resonators and realistic qubit designs, we estimate interaction strengths of a few hundreds of MHz, largely exceeding the decay rate of spins and photons. Reaching such a strong coupling regime in hole spin qubits will be a significant step towards high-fidelity entangling operations between distant qubits, as well as fast single-shot readout, and will pave the way towards the implementation of a large-scale semiconducting quantum processor.

Fully Tunable Longitudinal Spin-Photon Interactions in Si and Ge Quantum Dots

“…1. The magnitude of γ L is particularly large in hole spin qubits, where l so of a few tens of nanometers, comparable to l, were measured [21,22,74], enabling strong interactions in single quantum dots [75][76][77].…”

Anomalous Zero-Field Splitting for Hole Spin Qubits in Si and Ge Quantum Dots

“…Introduction.-The compatibility of localized spins in semiconducting quantum dots (QDs) [1] with the welldeveloped CMOS technology is pushing these architectures to the front of the race toward the implementation of scalable quantum computers [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Spin qubits based on hole states in silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge), in particular, are gaining increasing attention in the community [6,7] because of their large spin-orbit interaction (SOI) [8][9][10][11], enabling fast and power-efficient all-electric gates [12][13][14][15] and strong transversal and longitudinal coupling to microwave resonators [16][17][18][19][20]. Also, significant steps forward in material engineering [21,22] as well as fast spin readout and qubit initialization protocols [23][24][25][26] facilitated the implementation of high-fidelity 2-qubit gates [27,28] and of a 4-qubit quantum processor with controllable qubitqubit couplings [29].…”

Anomalous zero-field splitting for hole spin qubits in Si and Ge quantum dots

“…The compatibility of localized spins in semiconducting quantum dots (QDs) [1] with the welldeveloped CMOS technology is pushing these architectures to the front of the race towards the implementation of scalable quantum computers [2][3][4][5][6]. Spin qubits based on hole states in silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge), in particular, are gaining increasing attention in the community [5,6] because of their large spin-orbit interaction (SOI) [7][8][9][10], enabling fast and power-efficient all-electric gates [11][12][13] and strong transversal and longitudinal coupling to microwave resonators [14][15][16][17][18]. Also, significant steps forward in material engineering [19,20] as well as fast spin read-out and qubit initialization protocols [21][22][23][24] facilitated the implementation of high-fidelity twoqubit gates [25,26] and of a four-qubit quantum processor with controllable qubit-qubit couplings [27].…”