Hole injection enhancement by sparsely dispersed Au nanoparticles on indium tin oxide electrode in organic light emitting devices

Abstract

Gold nanoparticles stabilized by a hyper-branched polystyrene and adhered sparsely on indium tin oxide electrode can enhance hole injection to hole transport layer of N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(1-naphthyl)(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine. Although surface coverage by nanoparticles is less than 1%, the current density increases almost 1.5 orders of magnitude in hole-only device compared with the identical device without nanoparticles. This nanoparticle is also applied in typical organic light emitting diode. The driving voltage can be significantly lowered accompany with almost six times higher current density and luminance at 6 V. The local electric field induced by negatively charged nanoparticles should bring about the hole injection enhancement.

Effects of Gold-Nanoparticle Surface and Vertical Coverage by Conducting Polymer between Indium Tin Oxide and the Hole Transport Layer on Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

“…As the Au-NP size increased, a red-shift was induced in the UV spectra. [4][5][6][7][8]14,15 In Figure S6(b), the EL intensities of the examined devices were slightly enhanced at approximately 570 nm as the Au-NP size increased. The EL intensities at approximately 570 nm of the devices with small To understand the different current density and luminance behaviors exhibited by the examined devices, extinction crosssectional spectral models were simulated using the finitedifference time-domain (FDTD) method for each of the different device structures.…”

Promotional effect of silver nanoparticle embedded Ga–Zr-codoped TiO2 as an alternative anode for efficient blue, green and red PHOLEDs

“…[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] The OLED efficiency have been increased by reducing the hole injection barrier through embedding noble-metal nano semiconductors. The interface have been stabilized via tuning HIL [38][39][40][41] by forming electrical double layer on anode that stabilized the vacuum level. 38 To our knowledge is concern, only few reports about efficient red, green and blue OLEDs with TiO 2 as cost effective anode material instead of ITO.…”

“…The interface have been stabilized via tuning HIL [38][39][40][41] by forming electrical double layer on anode that stabilized the vacuum level. 38 To our knowledge is concern, only few reports about efficient red, green and blue OLEDs with TiO 2 as cost effective anode material instead of ITO. We aimed to combine the advantages of Ga and Zr elemental doping of TiO 2 as a high performance Ga-Zr-codoped TiO 2 nanoparticles for OLED applications.…”

A tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum-based organic bistable device using ITO surfaces modified by Ag nanoparticles

“…Recently, there has been growing interest in organic bistable devices (OBDs) due to their advantage of simple device structure, low fabrication cost and large variation of organic chemical structure [1][2][3]. Electrical bistable phenomena have been demonstrated in various devices with different architectures [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], such as metal nanoparticles (NPs)-based OBDs [4,13,[21][22][23][24] metal-insulator-metal (MIM) OBDs [25][26][27][28], organic-based donor-acceptor OBDs [8], supramolecular structure OBDs [5], and organic ferroelectric OBD [18,19,[29][30][31] et al In OBDs based on metal NPs, Au-NPs [20,22], Ag-NPs [13], and Al-NPs [32], all have been selected to generate electrically switching 1 Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.…”