Holding a stick at both ends: on faces and expertise

Harel, Assaf; Kravitz, Dwight J.; Baker, Chris I.

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00442

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…A second view suggests that faces and objects are representated by nonoverlapping, domain-specific neural populations within an fMRI voxel (Kanwisher et al 1997;Grill-Spector et al 2004;McKone et al 2007). A third-view posits a distributed representation of faces and objects allowing the possibility that experience with objects would affect response in face-selective regions (Haxby et al 2001;Harel et al 2013Harel et al , 2014. A fourth view suggests that VTC responses are organized by combinations of shape (Nasr et al 2014), animacy (Konkle and Caramazza 2013;Sha et al 2015), and retinotopy (Levy et al 2001).…”

Section: Responses In Face-selective Regions Are Also Malleable To Exmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experience Shapes the Development of Neural Substrates of Face Processing in Human Ventral Temporal Cortex

2015

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In adult humans, the ventral temporal cortex (VTC) represents faces in a reproducible topology. However, it is unknown what role visual experience plays in the development of this topology. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging in children and adults, we found a sequential development, in which the topology of face-selective activations across the VTC was matured by age 7, but the spatial extent and degree of face selectivity continued to develop past age 7 into adulthood. Importantly, own- and other-age faces were differentially represented, both in the distributed multivoxel patterns across the VTC, and also in the magnitude of responses of face-selective regions. These results provide strong evidence that experience shapes cortical representations of faces during development from childhood to adulthood. Our findings have important implications for the role of experience and age in shaping the neural substrates of face processing in the human VTC.

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Section: Responses In Face-selective Regions Are Also Malleable To Exmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experience Shapes the Development of Neural Substrates of Face Processing in Human Ventral Temporal Cortex

2015

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“…Similarly, a couple of articles deal with perception of own-race and other-race faces (Wiese, 2013 ) as well as with perception of familiar faces and objects and the functional connectivity within the medial temporal lobe (McLelland et al, 2014 ). The role of the fusiform face area (FFA) in expertise has been a bone of contention between Harel et al ( 2013 , 2014 ), on the one hand, and Wong and Wong ( 2014 ), on the other.…”

Section: Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial: Neural implementation of expertise

Bilalić

Langner

Campitelli

et al. 2015

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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How the brain enables humans to reach an outstanding level of performance typical of expertise is of great interest to cognitive neuroscience, as demonstrated by the number and diversity of the articles in this Research Topic (RT). The RT presents a collection of 23 articles written by 80 authors on traditional expertise topics such as sport, board games, and music, but also on the expertise aspects of everyday skills, such as language and the perception of faces and objects. Just as the topics in the RT are diverse, so are the neuroimaging techniques employed and the article formats. Here we will briefly summarize the articles published in the RT

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The Faces in Radiological Images: Fusiform Face Area Supports Radiological Expertise

et al. 2014

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The fusiform face area (FFA) has often been used as an example of a brain module that was developed through evolution to serve a specific purpose-face processing. Many believe, however, that FFA is responsible for holistic processing associated with any kind of expertise. The expertise view has been tested with various stimuli, with mixed results. One of the main stumbling blocks in the FFA controversy has been the fact that the stimuli used have been similar to faces. Here, we circumvent the problem by using radiological images, X-rays, which bear no resemblance to faces. We demonstrate that FFA can distinguish between X-rays and other stimuli by employing multivariate pattern analysis. The sensitivity to X-rays was significantly better in experienced radiologists than that in medical students with limited radiological experience. For the radiologists, it was also possible to use the patterns of FFA activations obtained on faces to differentiate X-ray stimuli from other stimuli. The overlap in the FFA activation is not based on visual similarity of faces and X-rays but rather on the processes necessary for expertise with both kinds of stimulus. Our results support the expertise view that FFA's main function is related to holistic processing.

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Holding a stick at both ends: on faces and expertise

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Experience Shapes the Development of Neural Substrates of Face Processing in Human Ventral Temporal Cortex

Experience Shapes the Development of Neural Substrates of Face Processing in Human Ventral Temporal Cortex

Editorial: Neural implementation of expertise

The Faces in Radiological Images: Fusiform Face Area Supports Radiological Expertise

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