Hodgkin Lymphoma in Temporal Association with Growth Hormone Replacement

Freedman, Renee J.; Malkovska, Vera; LeRoith, Derek; Collins, Michael T.

doi:10.1507/endocrj.52.571

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Furthermore, we have previously observed that low pituitary GH levels were not associated with a recip-rocal decline in immunoreactive GH produced by lymphocytes during human aging (Luz et al 2006). The potential side--effects of long--term GH replacement shall be considered, and include carpal tunnel syndrome, arthralgia, increased risk for diabetes (as it increases insulin resistance) and it has been associated with increased risk for Hodkin's lymphoma (Freedman et al 2005).…”

Section: Gh and Ghrelin Replacement Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychoneuroendocrine interventions aimed at attenuating immunosenescence: a review

et al. 2013

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There is evidence suggesting that immunosenescence can be accelerated by external factors such as chronic stress. Here we review potential psychoneuroendocrine determinants of premature aging of the immune system and discuss available interventions aimed at attenuating immunosenescence. Chronic stress may accelerate various features of immunosenescence by activating key allostatic systems, notably the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The immunological impact of such neuroendocrine dysregulation may be further amplified by a dramatic decline in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels, acting in part as an endogenous glucocorticoid antagonist. Stress-buffering strategies show beneficial effects on various biomarkers in elderly populations. Likewise, supplementation of DHEA, melatonin or growth hormone has yielded significant beneficial effects in a number of studies, including: increased well-being, memory performance, bone mineral density and improved immunocompetence as evidenced by results of in vitro (T cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, cytokine production), and in vivo immune challenges. However, the side-effects of hormonal supplementation are also discussed. Finally, moderate exercise via the promotion of cortisol/DHEA balance or epigenetic modifications, is associated with lower serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, greater lymphoproliferative responses and lower counts of senescent T cells. Taken together, these data suggest that immune system is plastic and immunosenescence can be attenuated psychoneuroendocrine interventions.

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Section: Gh and Ghrelin Replacement Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychoneuroendocrine interventions aimed at attenuating immunosenescence: a review

et al. 2013

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“…It is obvious that a complex hormone that acts in the entire body in a myriad of systems will have important side effects (e.g., injection-site reaction joint swelling, joint pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, increased risk of diabetes) (Liu et al, 2007). Although rare, patients can sometimes produce an immune response against GH, and GH may also be a risk factor for Hodgkin's lymphoma (Freedman et al, 2005). Certainly, the complex biology of GH, the lack of clinical trials, and its side effects have limited its utilization for the treatment of sarcopenia.…”

Section: Growth Hormonementioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia: Pharmacology of Today and Tomorrow

Brotto

Abreu

2012

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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Sarcopenia remains largely undiagnosed and undertreated because of the lack of a universally accepted definition, effective ways to measure it, and identification of the outcomes that should guide treatment efficacy. An ever-growing number of clinicians and researchers along with funding and regulatory agencies have gradually recognized that sarcopenia is a human condition that requires both prevention and treatment. In this article, we review sarcopenia and its common and less known pharmacological treatments, attempt to define sarcopenia in its broader context, and present some new ideas for potential future treatment for this devastating condition.

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“…Growth hormone is secreted under joint and coordinated control of three hypothalamus hormones: growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). Somatostatin and Ghrelin (GHRH), GHRH and gerlin are positive regulators that stimulate growth hormone release [9]. Somatostatin (SST) is a negative regulator that inhibits the secretion of the hormone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate Metabolism in Growth Hormone Therapy for Children

Dhbea,

Alabdaly

2023

Growth Hormone - Impact and Insights in Human Beings

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Growth hormone deficiency is one of the most common causes of short stature in response to growth hormone therapy, and deficiency occurs as a result of either a decrease in the pituitary hormones themselves, which is called hypopituitarism, or a deficiency of hypothalamus. Stunting is a condition that worries many parents because if the body’s growth hormone deficiency is not diagnosed and the appropriate treatment is not taken early, which leads to a high body mass index, that is, weight gain after puberty, high fat and future risks. For type 2 diabetes, diabetes, insulin-dependent heart disease, atherosclerosis and other diseases, the incidence of this deficiency in European societies is about 4000/1 births which is comparable with the proportion in Iraq but increasing the incidence. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of growth hormone therapy on carbohydrate metabolism where growth hormone affects the shape and function of the developing body and apart from these functions such as stimulating growth, it has distinctive effects on the metabolism and energy, and plays a role in regulating blood sugar levels.

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Hodgkin Lymphoma in Temporal Association with Growth Hormone Replacement

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Psychoneuroendocrine interventions aimed at attenuating immunosenescence: a review

Psychoneuroendocrine interventions aimed at attenuating immunosenescence: a review

Sarcopenia: Pharmacology of Today and Tomorrow

Carbohydrate Metabolism in Growth Hormone Therapy for Children

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