Hodgkin Lymphoma and Hairy Cell Leukemia Arising from Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Case Reports and Literature Review

D’Addona, Matteo; Giudice, Valentina; Pezzullo, Luca; Ciancia, Giuseppe; Baldi, Carlo; Gorrese, Marisa; Bertolini, A.; Campana, Annapaola; Fresolone, Lucia; Manzo, Paola; Zeppa, Pio; Serio, Bianca; Selleri, Carmine

doi:10.3390/jcm11164674

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Regarding HL-type RS, only two case reports on the use of brentuximab vedotin are present, both describing the treatment of R/R patients, but with contrasting results [137,138]. For this reason, further investigations are needed, possibly based on patient standardization granted by clinical research.…”

Section: Drug Conjugated Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Aspects of Richter Syndrome: From Immune Dysfunction to Immunotherapy

Mahmoud

Gaïdano

Mouhssine

2023

Cancers

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Richter Syndrome (RS) is defined as the development of an aggressive lymphoma in patients with a previous or simultaneous diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Two pathological variants of RS are recognized: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)-type and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)-type RS. Different molecular mechanisms may explain the pathogenesis of DLBCL-type RS, including genetic lesions, modifications of immune regulators, and B cell receptor (BCR) pathway hyperactivation. Limited data are available for HL-type RS, and its development has been reported to be similar to de novo HL. In this review, we focus on the immune-related pathogenesis and immune system dysfunction of RS, which are linked to BCR over-reactivity, altered function of the immune system due to the underlying CLL, and specific features of the RS tumor microenvironment. The standard of care of this disease consists in chemoimmunotherapy, eventually followed by stem cell transplantation, but limited possibilities are offered to chemo-resistant patients, who represent the majority of RS cases. In order to address this unmet clinical need, several immunotherapeutic approaches have been developed, namely T cell engagement obtained with bispecific antibodies, PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade by the use of monoclonal antibodies, selective drug delivery with antibody-drug conjugates, and targeting malignant cells with anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor-T cells.

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Section: Drug Conjugated Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Aspects of Richter Syndrome: From Immune Dysfunction to Immunotherapy

Mahmoud

Gaïdano

Mouhssine

2023

Cancers

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“…Further, HCL-v patients are faced with inferior outcomes after standard therapy lines ( 346 ). HCL can also arise from Richter-transformation of CLL, a rare occurrence without defined therapeutic pathways ( 347 ). Therefore, these patient groups can potentially benefit from CAR-T-cell therapy ( 348 ).…”

Section: Hairy Cell Leukemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadening the horizon: potential applications of CAR-T cells beyond current indications

Karsten,

Matrisch,

Cichutek

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Engineering immune cells to treat hematological malignancies has been a major focus of research since the first resounding successes of CAR-T-cell therapies in B-ALL. Several diseases can now be treated in highly therapy-refractory or relapsed conditions. Currently, a number of CD19- or BCMA-specific CAR-T-cell therapies are approved for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), multiple myeloma (MM), and follicular lymphoma (FL). The implementation of these therapies has significantly improved patient outcome and survival even in cases with previously very poor prognosis. In this comprehensive review, we present the current state of research, recent innovations, and the applications of CAR-T-cell therapy in a selected group of hematologic malignancies. We focus on B- and T-cell malignancies, including the entities of cutaneous and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (T-ALL, PTCL, CTCL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), classical Hodgkin-Lymphoma (HL), Burkitt-Lymphoma (BL), hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM). While these diseases are highly heterogenous, we highlight several similarly used approaches (combination with established therapeutics, target depletion on healthy cells), targets used in multiple diseases (CD30, CD38, TRBC1/2), and unique features that require individualized approaches. Furthermore, we focus on current limitations of CAR-T-cell therapy in individual diseases and entities such as immunocompromising tumor microenvironment (TME), risk of on-target-off-tumor effects, and differences in the occurrence of adverse events. Finally, we present an outlook into novel innovations in CAR-T-cell engineering like the use of artificial intelligence and the future role of CAR-T cells in therapy regimens in everyday clinical practice.

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Antineoplastics/CD30-antigen-inhibitors

2023

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Hodgkin Lymphoma and Hairy Cell Leukemia Arising from Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Case Reports and Literature Review

Cited by 5 publications

References 49 publications

Immunological Aspects of Richter Syndrome: From Immune Dysfunction to Immunotherapy

Immunological Aspects of Richter Syndrome: From Immune Dysfunction to Immunotherapy

Broadening the horizon: potential applications of CAR-T cells beyond current indications

Antineoplastics/CD30-antigen-inhibitors

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