Hobson's Choice for Cp Readers

Arkin, Arthur M.; Antrobus, John S.; Ellman, Steve

doi:10.1037/017885

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Silberer suggested—but did not empirically demonstrate—that autosymbolic images could be employed to examine dream production mechanisms experimentally. Experimental methods have, in fact, been used to influence the dreams of REM sleep (see review in Arkin and Antrobus, 1991 ), but Silberer’s examples did not employ such experimental controls. His post hoc observations of juxtapositions between images and memory elements do not guarantee that they are causally linked.…”

Section: Microdreamingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microdream neurophenomenology

Nielsen

2017

Neuroscience of Consciousness

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Nightly transitions into sleep are usually uneventful and transpire in the blink of an eye. But in the laboratory these transitions afford a unique view of how experience is transformed from the perceptually grounded consciousness of wakefulness to the hallucinatory simulations of dreaming. The present review considers imagery in the sleep-onset transition—“microdreams” in particular—as an alternative object of study to dreaming as traditionally studied in the sleep lab. A focus on microdream phenomenology has thus far proven fruitful in preliminary efforts to (i) develop a classification for dreaming’s core phenomenology (the “oneiragogic spectrum”), (ii) establish a structure for assessing dreaming’s multiple memory inputs (“multi-temporal memory sources”), (iii) further Silberer’s project for classifying sleep-onset images in relation to waking cognition by revealing two new imagery types (“autosensory imagery,” “exosensory imagery”), and (iv) embed a potential understanding of microdreaming processes in a larger explanatory framework (“multisensory integration approach”). Such efforts may help resolve outstanding questions about dream neurophysiology and dreaming’s role in memory consolidation during sleep but may also advance discovery in the neuroscience of consciousness more broadly.

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Section: Microdreamingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microdream neurophenomenology

Nielsen

2017

Neuroscience of Consciousness

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“…Numerous studies demonstrate that REM dreams incorporate elements of waking experiences (Arkin & Antrobus 1978; Baylor & Cavallero 2001; Cavallero & Cicogna 1993; Cavallero et al 1990; De Koninck & Koulack 1975; Domhoff & Kamiya 1964; Foulkes 1967; Foulkes & Rechtschaffen 1964; Goodenough et al 1975; Hall 1966; Karacan et al 1966; Maquet et al 2000; Whitman et al 1962; Witkin & Lewis 1967; and cf. Freud's “day residues”).…”

Section: Dreaming and Memory In Neurobiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Such stuff as dreams are made on? Elaborative encoding, the ancient art of memory, and the hippocampus

Llewellyn¹

2013

Behav Brain Sci

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This article argues that rapid eye movement (REM) dreaming is elaborative encoding for episodic memories. Elaborative encoding in REM can, at least partially, be understood through ancient art of memory (AAOM) principles: visualization, bizarre association, organization, narration, embodiment, and location. These principles render recent memories more distinctive through novel and meaningful association with emotionally salient, remote memories. The AAOM optimizes memory performance, suggesting that its principles may predict aspects of how episodic memory is configured in the brain. Integration and segregation are fundamental organizing principles in the cerebral cortex. Episodic memory networks interconnect profusely within the cortex, creating omnidirectional "landmark" junctions. Memories may be integrated at junctions but segregated along connecting network paths that meet at junctions. Episodic junctions may be instantiated during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep after hippocampal associational function during REM dreams. Hippocampal association involves relating, binding, and integrating episodic memories into a mnemonic compositional whole. This often bizarre, composite image has not been present to the senses; it is not "real" because it hyperassociates several memories. During REM sleep, on the phenomenological level, this composite image is experienced as a dream scene. A dream scene may be instantiated as omnidirectional neocortical junction and retained by the hippocampus as an index. On episodic memory retrieval, an external stimulus (or an internal representation) is matched by the hippocampus against its indices. One or more indices then reference the relevant neocortical junctions from which episodic memories can be retrieved. Episodic junctions reach a processing (rather than conscious) level during normal wake to enable retrieval. If this hypothesis is correct, the stuff of dreams is the stuff of memory.

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“…The fact that for most individuals, the incorporation of external stimuli or recent experiences into dreams is relatively infrequent indicates that the sleep state is relatively impervious to such information (125-127). This is even true for individuals experiencing ongoing and very unpleasant symptoms, such as pain or apneic episodes during the sleep state.…”

Section: Hallucinations In Neurological Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleeping dreams, waking hallucinations, and the central nervous system.

Mahowald¹,

Woods²,

Schenck³

1998

Dreaming

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Consciousness is now considered a primary function and activity of the brain itself If so, consciousness is simply the brain's interpretation and integration of all the infonnation made available to it at any given time. On the assumption that the brain is active across all states of being (wakefulness, REM sleep, and NREM sleep), this article proposes that dreaming and hallucinations represent variations on the same theme. Under usual circumstances during wakefulness, the brain ignores internally generated activity and attends to environmental sensory stimulation. During sleep, dreaming occurs because the brain attends to endogenously generated activity. In unusual settings, such as sleep-deprivation, sensory deprivation, or medication or dmg ingestion, the brain attends to exogenous and endogenous activities simultaneously, resulting in hallucinations, or wakeful dreaming. This concept is supported by numerous neurologic conditions and syndromes that are associated with hallucinations.

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Hobson's Choice for Cp Readers

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Microdream neurophenomenology

Microdream neurophenomenology

Such stuff as dreams are made on? Elaborative encoding, the ancient art of memory, and the hippocampus

Sleeping dreams, waking hallucinations, and the central nervous system.

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