Hoary Cress (Cardaria draba) Root Extract Reduces Germination and Root Growth of Five Plant Species<sup>1</sup>

Kiemnec, Gary L.; McInnis, Michael L.

doi:10.1614/0890-037x(2002)016[0231:hccdre]2.0.co;2

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Biotic factors such as competition with other plants, below-ground interactions and also abiotic factors such as climate and soil properties could explain differences between the common greenhouse experiment and the natural situation. Studies are underway to test whether below-ground levels of glucosinolates and myrosinases might play a more important role as potential allelopathic agents, as suggested for L. draba (Qasem, 1994;Kiemnec and McInnis, 2002). The deviation from the tested predictions of the EICA hypothesis might be explained by the contrasting effect of defensive compounds on specialist vs. generalist herbivores, leading to an alternative hypothesis: specialisation by insects could make defence systems in native ranges less effective, and may even have disadvantages, as compared to the invasive range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Predictions of the ‘Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability’ Hypothesis for an Invasive Crucifer

Müller

Martens

2005

Evol Ecol

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The successful spread of invasive plants may result from an evolutionary shift in resource allocation from defence to growth due to release from enemies, as proposed by the 'evolution of increased competitive ability' hypothesis (EICA). The crucifer Lepidium draba was used to test this hypothesis, measuring growth and levels of glucosinolates and myrosinase of leaves as constitutive defence parameters. Individuals from 21 populations of the native (Europe) and the invasive range (North-America) were grown under common greenhouse conditions. According to the EICA hypothesis it was predicted that plants from the invasive range might show stronger growth and have lower levels of defence as a result of selection favouring such genotypes. There was significant variation between populations in shoot, root, total biomass, and number of ramets of 3-month-old plants but no difference due to origin from both continents. The main glucosinolate p-hydroxybenzyl glucosinolate was significantly higher in seedlings of the invasive range while myrosinase activity was higher in old plants of the invasive range. Therefore, the EICA hypothesis does not hold, however, alternatively there is evidence for selection favouring stronger defence in the invasive range. The binary defence system of this crucifer is discussed with respect to the degree of specialisation of potential herbivores.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Predictions of the ‘Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability’ Hypothesis for an Invasive Crucifer

Müller

Martens

2005

Evol Ecol

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“…Qasem (1994) also found inhibitory effects of L. draba on germination, growth and development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Western US studies have shown that L. draba root extract slowed both the germination rate and initial root growth of alfalfa and forage grasses, but not winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), suggesting that L. draba may have a competitive advantage in forage areas through allelopathy (Kiemnec and McInnis 2002).…”

Section: Description and Account Of Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 3. Lepidium draba L., L. chalepense L., L. appelianum Al-Shehbaz (updated)

Francis¹,

Warwick²

2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Al-Shehbaz (updated). Can. J. Plant Sci. 88: 379Á401. This paper updates an earlier paper by Mulligan and Findlay (1974) on the cruciferous weeds Lepidium draba, L. chalepense and L. appelianum (treated in the previous paper as Cardaria draba, C. chalepensis and C. pubescens, respectively). Known collectively as hoary cresses, these species reached North America in the 19th and early 20th centuries as contaminants in seed or in ballast. The three species spread extensively in the western parts of the continent by the mid 20th century, partly through seed dissemination, but also by establishment of clonal patches and rhizomatous spread. In the prairie provinces the three species are weeds in grainfields, hayfields and forage crops, and have been largely under control in those crops since the 1970s. By the 1970s all three species had spread into agricultural regions of south central British Columbia and remain a serious problem there. They have also spread into forest, range, and riparian areas of Alberta and British Columbia and are among weedy threats to native ecosystems. Populations in Saskatchewan and Manitoba appear to have stabilized, but remain on noxious weed lists. In the western United States, the species have also spread from cultivated areas into rangelands, and L. draba in particular competes successfully with native vegetation, resulting in reduced local biodiversity. Lepidium draba can also reduce forage production, quality and palatability. Biocontrol measures for L. draba are under investigation. Mechanical controls have proved to be generally ineffective in large populations. Herbicides are effective in the short term in some agricultural crops, but do not provide long-term control, and are of restricted use on rangelands and at riparian sites. Potential beneficial uses of Lepidium draba in phytoremediation and as a source of disease-fighting chemical derivatives are reported. e sie`cle, elles s'e´taient largement disse´mine´es dans la partie ouest du continent, en partie graˆce a`la dispersion des semences, mais aussi par clonage et propagation au moyen de rhizomes. Dans les provinces des Prairies, les trois espe`ces envahissent les champs de ce´re´ales, de foin et de plantes fourrage`res, mais on parvient a`les controˆler dans ces cultures depuis les anne´es 1970. Par la suite, les trois espe`ces ont gagne´les re´gions agricoles du centre-sud de la Colombie-Britannique ou`elles demeurent un se´rieux proble`me. Elles ont e´galement atteint les foreˆts, les grands parcours et les zones riveraines de l'Alberta et de la Colombie-Britannique ou`elles figurent parmi les adventices menac¸ant les e´cosyste`mes naturels. Les populations du Manitoba et de la Saskatchewan semblent s'eˆtre stabilise´es, mais les espe`ces restent sur la liste des mauvaises herbes nuisibles. Dans l'ouest des É tats-Unis, elles ont aussi quitte´les zones cultive´es pour les grands paˆturages et L. draba, en particulier, livre une concurrence fort efficace a`la ve´ge´tation indige`ne, ce qui nuit a`la biodiversite´locale. Le...

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“…T base was 1 °C for A. fatua (Cousens et al, 1992) and 2.5 °C for D. sophia (Kiemnce & Mcinnis, 2002). This method is accurate if the minimum temperature is above the base temperature.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short communication: Evaluation of a model for predicting Avena fatua and Descurainia sophia seed emergence in winter rapeseed

Aboutalebian

Nazari

González‐Andújar

2017

Span. j. agric. res.

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Avena fatua and Descurainia sophia are two important annual weeds throughout winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) production systems in the semiarid region of Iran. Timely and more accurate control of both species may be developed if there is a better understanding of its emergence patterns. Non-linear regression techniques are usually unable to accurately predict field emergence under such environmental conditions. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the emergence patterns of A. fatua and D. sophia and determine if emergence could be predicted using cumulative soil thermal time in degree days (CTT). In the present work, cumulative seedling emergence from a winter rapeseed field during 3 years data set was fitted to cumulative soil CTT using Weibull and Gompertz functions. The Weibull model provided a better fit, based on coefficient of determination (R

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Hoary Cress (Cardaria draba) Root Extract Reduces Germination and Root Growth of Five Plant Species¹

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

Testing Predictions of the ‘Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability’ Hypothesis for an Invasive Crucifer

Testing Predictions of the ‘Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability’ Hypothesis for an Invasive Crucifer

The biology of Canadian weeds. 3. Lepidium draba L., L. chalepense L., L. appelianum Al-Shehbaz (updated)

Short communication: Evaluation of a model for predicting Avena fatua and Descurainia sophia seed emergence in winter rapeseed

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Hoary Cress (Cardaria draba) Root Extract Reduces Germination and Root Growth of Five Plant Species1

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

Testing Predictions of the ‘Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability’ Hypothesis for an Invasive Crucifer

Testing Predictions of the ‘Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability’ Hypothesis for an Invasive Crucifer

The biology of Canadian weeds. 3. Lepidium draba L., L. chalepense L., L. appelianum Al-Shehbaz (updated)

Short communication: Evaluation of a model for predicting Avena fatua and Descurainia sophia seed emergence in winter rapeseed

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Hoary Cress (Cardaria draba) Root Extract Reduces Germination and Root Growth of Five Plant Species¹