Hoarfrost and rime chemistry in Poland—An introductory analysis from meteorological perspective

Polkowska, Żaneta; Sobik, Mieczysław; Błaś, Marek; Klimaszewska, Kamila; Walna, Barbara; Namieśnik, Jacek

doi:10.1007/s10874-009-9141-6

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It was only 1.2% of the pollutants load delivered via atmospheric precipitation. A quite different feature was reported by Polkowska et al (2008Polkowska et al ( , 2009 for the European lowlands, where dew and hoarfrost are responsible at least for an additional 60% of pollutants flux into the ground when compared with precipitation. Such a discrepancy should be explain by relatively high pollutants concentration (even 6-7 times larger than precipitation) and annual water equivalent estimated by HUTOROWICZ (1963) as 53 mm and 14 mm, in case of dew and hoarfrost, respectively in the lowland areas.…”

Section: Pollutant Depositionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Water and Chemical Properties of Hydrometeors Over Central European Mountains

Błaś

Sobik

Polkowska

et al. 2011

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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Atmospheric pollutants are transferred to the ground by the contribution of various types of hydrometeors. Because of the different techniques of measurement, comparative analyses between them are often neglected. Hence, the main goal is to compare water volume and chemistry of different types of hydrometeors and their role in both: water balance and pollutants deposition. The results of water input and atmospheric deposits chemistry at Szrenica Mt. during the period between 01 December 2008 and 28 February 2010 are presented. The volume-weighted total inorganic ionic content (TIC) of dew, hoarfrost and fog water (both solid and liquid) was 345, 134, 425 leq l -1 respectively, while typical TIC value for precipitation was 233 leq l -1 . The chemical composition of dew, hoarfrost and fog water differ significantly from each other and from precipitation, depending on background emission and atmospheric processes. Taking into account both concentration and volume of deposited water, comparison between pollutant load of hydrometeors was possible.

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Section: Pollutant Depositionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Water and Chemical Properties of Hydrometeors Over Central European Mountains

Błaś

Sobik

Polkowska

et al. 2011

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the lack of measurement data on occult precipitation for the full hydrological year, calculating the annual deposition of nitrogen species was impossible. However, with the assumption that in the Wielkopolska region, the dew occurs on average 120 times and the frost 45 times per year, the annual loads might be estimated (as Polkowska et al, 2009). Calculated values of wet nitrogen deposition (with atmospheric precipitation) reveal values of 3.73 N ox kg/ha and 6.11 N red kg/ha for the urban area, and 2.67 N ox kg/ha and 3.65 N red kg/ha for the woodland.…”

Section: Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scavenging of Nitrogen From the Atmosphere by Atmospheric (Rain and Snow) and Occult (Dew and Frost) Precipitation: Comparison of Urban and Nonurban Deposition Profiles

Kurzyca

Frankowski

2019

JGR Biogeosciences

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This paper describes the comparison of atmospheric (rain and snow) versus occult (dew and frost) precipitation in terms of scavenging of nitrogen compounds (inorganic and organic) from the atmosphere. Exceptional cases of heavy fog, black ice, hail, and heavy rain were also described. Apart from genesis and morphology of these phenomena, various factors affecting precipitation affinity to scavenging of airborne nitrogen compounds from the atmosphere were investigated. A study simultaneously performed at two sampling points (lowland Central Europe, 30 km away from each other, urban vs. woodland) indicated statistically significant differences in hydrological conditions between areas. Local conditions (urban heat island vs. humid woodland) more likely determined precipitation form, amount, and frequency than the air masses characteristic in the upper troposphere. This (apart from pollution sources) significantly affects the deposition load of nitrogen per area unit. The highest values were obtained with atmospheric precipitation (mainly rainwater) at about 9 and 5 kg N/ha/year in the city and woodland areas, respectively. Nevertheless, the investigated affinity of precipitation to scavenging airborne nitrogen from the atmosphere elicited progressively changing loads of nitrogen per volume unit as follows: dew > rain bulk > snow bulk > rain wet only > frost > snow wet only.

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“…Ice which forms on snow surfaces is known as surface hoar or hoar frost. Surface hoar forms by deposition of water vapour onto the snow surface in supersaturated air at temperatures below 0 • C (Na and Webb, 2003;Polkowska et al, 2009). Wind also has a significant effect on surface-hoar development, with ideal wind speeds for formation between 1-2 m s −1 (Hachikubo and Akitaya, 1997).…”

Section: Flux Of Crystals From Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally the literature has suggested that mineral dust is unlikely to act as an INP at temperatures as high as −5 • C, which has led to ongoing research into whether other aerosol components can nucleate ice at higher temperatures than mineral dust. Biological aerosols such as bacteria or pollen have been suggested as potentially being suitable to nucleate ice heterogeneously (Möhler et al, 2007), which has been supported by in situ observations (Prenni et al, 2009;Pratt et al, 2009). However, despite some laboratory experiments suggesting that certain bacteria nucleate ice at temperatures greater than −10 • C in the atmosphere (Hoose and Möhler, 2012), there remains an uncertainty regarding the role of biological aerosols in ice nucleation at higher temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Comparing model and measured ice crystal concentrations in orographic clouds during the INUPIAQ campaign

Farrington¹,

Connolly²,

Lloyd³

et al. 2015

Preprint

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Abstract. This paper assesses the reasons for high ice number concentrations observed in orographic clouds by comparing in-situ measurements from the Ice NUcleation Process Investigation And Quantification field campaign (INUPIAQ) at Jungfraujoch, Switzerland (3570 m a.s.l.) with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) simulations over real terrain surrounding Jungfraujoch. During the 2014 winter field campaign, between the 20 January and 28 February, the model simulations regularly underpredicted the observed ice number concentration by 103 L−1. Previous literature has proposed several processes for the high ice number concentrations in orographic clouds, including an increased ice nuclei (IN) concentration, secondary ice multiplication and the advection of surface ice crystals into orographic clouds. We find that increasing IN concentrations in the model prevents the simulation of the mixed-phase clouds that were witnessed during the INUPIAQ campaign at Jungfraujoch. Additionally, the inclusion of secondary ice production upwind of Jungfraujoch into the WRF simulations cannot consistently produce enough ice splinters to match the observed concentrations. A surface flux of hoar crystals was included in the WRF model, which simulated ice concentrations comparable to the measured ice number concentrations, without depleting the liquid water content (LWC) simulated in the model. Our simulations therefore suggest that high ice concentrations observed in mixed-phase clouds at Jungfraujoch are caused by a flux of surface hoar crystals into the orographic clouds.

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Hoarfrost and rime chemistry in Poland—An introductory analysis from meteorological perspective

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Water and Chemical Properties of Hydrometeors Over Central European Mountains

Water and Chemical Properties of Hydrometeors Over Central European Mountains

Scavenging of Nitrogen From the Atmosphere by Atmospheric (Rain and Snow) and Occult (Dew and Frost) Precipitation: Comparison of Urban and Nonurban Deposition Profiles

Comparing model and measured ice crystal concentrations in orographic clouds during the INUPIAQ campaign

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