Hoarding in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Löchner, Christine; Kinnear, Craig; Hemmings, Sian; Seller, Cathlene; Niehaus, Dana J.H.; Knowles, James A.; Daniels, Willie M. U.; Moolman‐Smook, Johanna C.; Seedat, Soraya; Stein, Dan J.

doi:10.4088/jcp.v66n0911

Cited by 116 publications

(87 citation statements)

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“…All patients completed a measure of depression and anxiety levels using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (Beck et al, 1961) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (Beck et al, 1988), respectively. We classified the OCD patients according to the five clinical dimensions (Mataix-Cols et al, 1999) and excluded patients with hoarding symptoms due to their different neural involvement from non-hoarding OCD patients (Lochner et al, 2005, Saxena et al, 2004. Predominant obsession/compulsions were as follows: contamination/cleaning (N = 9), aggressive/checking (N = 3), miscellaneous (N = 6), and symmetry/ordering (N = 2).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of effective connectivity from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to the orbitofrontal cortex by negative emotional distraction in obsessive–compulsive disorder

et al. 2015

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BackgroundObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) has been associated with abnormal cognitive and emotional functions and these dysfunctions may be dependent on the disruption of dynamic interactions within neuronal circuits associated with emotion regulation. Although several studies have shown the aberrant cognitive–affective processing in OCD patients, little is known about how to characterize effective connectivity of the disrupted neural interactions. In the present study, we applied effective connectivity analysis using dynamic causal modeling to explore the disturbed neural interactions in OCD patients.MethodA total of 20 patients and 21 matched healthy controls performed a delayed-response working memory task under emotional or non-emotional distraction while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsDuring the delay interval under negative emotional distraction, both groups showed similar patterns of activations in the amygdala. However, under negative emotional distraction, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) exhibited significant differences between groups. Bayesian model averaging indicated that the connection from the DLPFC to the OFC was negatively modulated by negative emotional distraction in patients, when compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05, Bonferroni-corrected).ConclusionsExaggerated recruitment of the DLPFC may induce the reduction of top-down prefrontal control input over the OFC, leading to abnormal cortico-cortical interaction. This disrupted cortico-cortical interaction under negative emotional distraction may be responsible for dysfunctions of cognitive and emotional processing in OCD patients and may be a component of the pathophysiology associated with OCD.

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of effective connectivity from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to the orbitofrontal cortex by negative emotional distraction in obsessive–compulsive disorder

et al. 2015

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“…69 Studies of the South African Caucasian OCD population have identified this polymorphism as a risk factor for both the disorder 48 and certain symptom dimensions within OCD. 55,58 The low activity 158Met allele was found to be correlated with more severe symptomatology associated with hoarding in male Afrikaner OCD patients 55 and in a subsequent study, a cluster of symptoms in South African Caucasian OCD patients that included "symmetry and ordering". 58 The sexual dimorphism detected with COMT 158Met and the hoarding symptom dimension of OCD by Lochner et al 55 has also been observed with regards to this polymorphism and susceptibility to the disorder.…”

Section: Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (Ocd)mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…55,58 The low activity 158Met allele was found to be correlated with more severe symptomatology associated with hoarding in male Afrikaner OCD patients 55 and in a subsequent study, a cluster of symptoms in South African Caucasian OCD patients that included "symmetry and ordering". 58 The sexual dimorphism detected with COMT 158Met and the hoarding symptom dimension of OCD by Lochner et al 55 has also been observed with regards to this polymorphism and susceptibility to the disorder. A metaanalysis of COMT-OCD genetic association studies showed that the 158Met allele is associated with OCD in men (P<0.001) 66 , making this polymorphism one of the most convincing genetic risk factors for OCD identified to date.…”

Section: Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (Ocd)mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In line with international research, these studies have predominantly focussed on genes involved in serotoninergic and dopaminergic function. [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] A summary of genes that have been significantly associated on occasion with OCD and related traits in South African populations can be found in Table III. The serotoninergic genes are believed to be involved in OCD pathogenesis as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors BD, bipolar disorder; SA, South Africa; SCZ, schizophrenia (SSRIs) effectively treat OCD and form the first-line of pharmacotherapy for the disorder. 59 Genes that have been investigated with regards to OCD in South African populations due to their functional relevance in the serotoninergic system include the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene (SLC6A4), two serotonin receptor genes, 5-HT1Db (also known as HTR1B) and 5-HT2A (also known as HTR2A), and the monoamine oxidase A gene (MAO-A).…”

Section: Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (Ocd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychiatric genetics in South Africa: cutting a rough diamond

Wright¹,

Niehaus²,

Koen³

et al. 2011

Afr. J. Psych

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Psychiatric disorders place a considerable healthcare burden on South African society. Incorporating genetic technologies into future treatment plans offers a potential mechanism to reduce this burden. This review focuses on psychiatric genetic research that has been performed in South African populations with regards to obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Preliminary findings from these studies suggest that data obtained in developed countries cannot necessarily be extrapolated to South African population groups. Psychiatric genetic studies in South Africa seem to involve relatively low-cost methodologies and only a limited number of large national collaborative studies. Future research in South Africa should therefore aim to incorporate highthroughput technologies into large scale psychiatric studies through the development of collaborations. On a global level, the vast majority of psychiatric genetic studies have been performed in non-African populations. South Africa, as the leading contributor to scientific research in Africa, may provide a foundation for addressing this disparity and strengthening psychiatric genetic research on the continent. Although the elucidation of the genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders has proved challenging, examining the unique genetic profiles found in South African populations could provide valuable insight into the genetics of psychiatric disorders. 356 pharmacogenetic studies). The Afrikaners are an example of a homogenous population as they arose from a small founder population of 1000-2000 Dutch immigrants that arrived in South Africa in the 17th century. 6,7 The ancient southern African Khoisan population possesses the highest level of genetic diversity reported to date, while the Mixed Ancestry population shows the greatest global admixture of any of the world's populations analysed thus far. 8 Additionally, the Nguni-speaking Xhosa population shows a significant genetic contribution from the Khoisan in their genomes, reflecting admixture between these ancient individuals and ancestral Bantu populations; artefacts of this exchange are also linguistically evident through the click consonants present in the isiXhosa language. 8,9 The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the different ethnic groups of South Africa is not known, although evidence from the South African Stress and Health Study 10 suggests very little difference from non-African populations. However, alarmingly, it appears that the majority of individuals suffering from psychiatric disorders in South Africa do not receive treatment. 11 Revised burden of disease estimates place neuropsychiatric disorders as the third highest cause of disability-adjusted life years in the country, mainly due to the extended morbidity of such conditions. 12 Unipolar depression, alcohol use, bipolar affective disorder, schizophrenia, drug use, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and panic disorder are neuropsychiatric disorders that fall into the top 20 causes of years lived with ...

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“…There is also an attempt to subdivide the TOC according to the size of symptoms because they would relate to a different neurobiological substrate. Hoarding, for example, has specific features on the epidemiology, treatment response in neuroimaging findings [133][134][135][136] and genetic findings 137 . As for comorbid tics, there is evidence of involvement of the dopaminergic system in OCD 138 and there were even found positive findings of association between certain genes related to dopamine and OCD with comorbid tic disorders 49,50,57 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estudos de associação genética no transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo

Sampaio¹,

Lins²,

Daltro-Oliveira³

et al. 2013

Rev. psiquiatr. clín.

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Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) segregates in families. It follows a complex model of genetic transmission, which involves the influence of several small effect genes interacting with the environment. Methods: A systematic review of genetic association studies in OCD was performed. Articles published until 2012 were searched in the databases PubMed, Embase and ScieLO using the terms of MeSH and its associates or synonyms for "obsessivecompulsive disorder", "gene" and "genetic association studies". Results: We selected 105 papers and described their main results grouped as genes related to: serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, GABA, white matter, immune system, hormones and other genes. Discussion: There is high variability between findings of association studies among the several candidate genes studied in OCD. Glutamate-related genes are promising candidates for OCD, but there is no conclusive association between any of the candidate genes studied and OCD. Association studies with large sample size, evaluation of more homogeneous subgroups of phenotype and meta-analyses are still needed.

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Hoarding in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Cited by 116 publications

References 0 publications

Disruption of effective connectivity from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to the orbitofrontal cortex by negative emotional distraction in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Disruption of effective connectivity from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to the orbitofrontal cortex by negative emotional distraction in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Psychiatric genetics in South Africa: cutting a rough diamond

Estudos de associação genética no transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo

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