HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), inflammation, and endothelial progenitor cells—New mechanistic insights of atherosclerosis

Blum, Arnon

doi:10.1002/biof.1157

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…It has been reported that sleep deprivation is associated with cardiac autonomic disorder, inflammation, and oxidative stress . Statin was reported to ameliorate inflammation in previous studies . In our study, we found that hsCRP levels were significantly lower in the statin group, thus it is possible that statin reduces inflammation and improves the LF/HF ratio.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

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Effects of Statin on Arrhythmia and Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Persons With 48‐Hour Sleep Deprivation

Chen

Liu

Sha

et al. 2016

JAHA

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BackgroundIt has been reported that sleep deprivation is associated with cardiac autonomic disorder, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Statins have significant cardiovascular protective effects in patients with cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of statins on arrhythmia and heart rate variability in young healthy persons after 48‐hour sleep deprivation.Methods and ResultsThis study enrolled 72 young healthy participants aged 26.5±3.5 years. All participants received 48‐hour continuous ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring. Arrhythmia, time, and frequency domain parameters were analyzed for all participants. The primary end point, low/high frequency ratio, was significantly lower in the statin group than in the control group (2.48±1.12 versus 3.02±1.23, P<0.001). After 48‐hour sleep deprivation, low frequency—the frequency of premature atrial complexes and premature ventricular complexes—was significantly decreased in the statin group compared with the control group (P<0.05). There was also a significant increase in high frequency in the statin group compared with the control group (P<0.05). There was a significant decrease in serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein and malondialdehyde levels after 48‐hour sleep deprivation in the statin group compared with the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionsStatin use might be associated with improvement in arrhythmia and heart rate variability in healthy persons with 48‐hour sleep deprivation. This finding should be confirmed by larger scale trials.Clinical Trial RegistrationURL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02496962.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…[2][3][4] Statin was reported to ameliorate inflammation in previous studies. 27,28 In our study, we found that hsCRP levels were significantly lower in the statin group, thus it is possible that statin reduces inflammation and improves the LF/HF ratio. Statin can ameliorate oxidative stress.…”

Section: Potential Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 49%

Effects of Statin on Arrhythmia and Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Persons With 48‐Hour Sleep Deprivation

Chen

Liu

Sha

et al. 2016

JAHA

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“…The anti-inflammatory effect of simvastatin was previously reported in different animal models [48,49] and clinical trials [50,51] . Generally speaking, HMG-CoA reductase inhibition was reported in earlier studies to have anti-inflammatory effects [52,53] . The anti-inflammatory effect of simvastatin may also be attributed to its ability to suppress inducible nitric oxide synthase expression [54] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Simvastatin and Hesperidin against Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in Rats

2015

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Background/Aims: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disabling autoimmune disease for which most current treatments cause massive complications, thereby limiting treatment dose and duration. The anti-arthritic effects of the 3-hydroxy-3-metylglutary-CoA reductase inhibitor, simvastatin, and the natural flavonoid, hesperidin, were investigated against complete Freund's adjuvant-induced RA in rats. Methods: A normal control group, an arthritis control group, 2 reference treatment groups receiving dexamethasone (1.5 mg/kg/day) and methotrexate (1 mg/kg/day), and 2 treatment groups receiving simvastatin (0.5 mg/kg/day) and hesperidin (200 mg/kg/day) were included in the study. Serum rheumatoid factor, matrix metalloprotinease-3 (MMP-3) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) as specific rheumatoid biomarkers, serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and antinuclear antibody (ANA) as immunological biomarkers, serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 as immunomodulatory cytokines, serum myeloperoxidase (MPO) and C-reactive protein as inflammatory biomarkers, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) as oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed, supported by joint and spleen histopathological study. Results: Simvastatin significantly improved all the measured biomarkers, with MMP-3, COMP, and GSH restored to normal levels. Hesperidin significantly improved all the measured biomarkers, with COMP, IgG, ANA, MPO, MDA and GSH restored to normal levels. Conclusion: Simvastatin and hesperidin may be promising protective agents against RA through immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials.

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“…This can be especially debilitating in an older population prone to frailty and diminished HRQL. Reports of statin-induced cognitive changes are offset by inconsistent data, with some reports suggesting benefit attributable to reduced inflammation and improved vascular function (48,49). Again, few trials include older adults with intermediate and poor health, indicating a need for further study.…”

Section: Lipid Loweringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Older Adult Patient With Diabetes

Korytkowski

Forman

2017

Diabetes Care

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Older adults with diabetes are at higher risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) than younger adults with diabetes and older adults without diabetes. The rationale to implement ASCVD risk-lowering therapies in older adults with diabetes is compelling. Recommendations for lifestyle modification, lipidlowering therapy, blood pressure management, blood glucose control, and aspirin therapy are often based on studies that show their efficacy in younger populations. However, the risks associated with each of these interventions increase with age, and favorable risk-to-benefit ratios demonstrated in younger adults with diabetes are less certain in older populations. The variability in health status among older adults is pertinent. Those with robust health are more likely to tolerate and derive benefit from many therapies when compared with those who have more complex health including frailty. Age-and/or frailty-stratified data to help clarify these relationships are sparse. In this Perspective, current recommendations for modifying ASCVD risk are described with a review of the pertinent literature that guides their application in older adults. A pragmatic approach to the treatment of ASCVD risk factors in older adults with diabetes is presented.Diabetes is highly prevalent in the aging population, affecting .25% of individuals aged .65 years and 19% of those aged .75 years (1,2). Physiological changes associated with aging increase susceptibility to coronary heart disease and other atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) processes (3). The incidence and prevalence of ASCVD-related macrovascular events essentially doubles in older adults with diabetes (4-6). The overlap of older age, diabetes, and other ASCVD risk factors enhances risk for microvascular and macrovascular complications, functional disability, and geriatric syndromes (including frailty, multimorbidity, polypharmacy, cognitive impairment, depression, urinary incontinence, and falls) (1,7-10). As the population of older adults grows, the implications of diabetes on ASCVD risk escalate, and insights regarding optimal care become increasingly important (2).Therapies directed at ASCVD risk factor reduction are important therapeutic priorities for older adults with diabetes as a way of modifying risk for vascular events and improving health-related quality of life (HRQL) (11,12). Therapeutic targets include control of lipids, blood pressure (BP), and blood glucose in combination with antiplatelet agents. The expectation is that these therapies will increase longevity, reduce ASCVD events and need for hospitalizations, and improve HRQL. However, iatrogenic risks and limited life expectancy confound these objectives

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HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), inflammation, and endothelial progenitor cells—New mechanistic insights of atherosclerosis

Cited by 28 publications

References 109 publications

Effects of Statin on Arrhythmia and Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Persons With 48‐Hour Sleep Deprivation

Effects of Statin on Arrhythmia and Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Persons With 48‐Hour Sleep Deprivation

Protective Effects of Simvastatin and Hesperidin against Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in Rats

Management of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Older Adult Patient With Diabetes

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