HLA haplotypes associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus in north indian children

Immunogenetics of Type 1 Diabetes

“…We observed a significant increase of DRB1*03:01 (p<10 -6 , Odds Ratio (OR) =11.0), DRB1*04:01 (p<0.01, OR=6.4) and DRB1*04:05 (p<0.03, OR=5) in the patients ( Figure 1a) using high resolution typing method of polymerase chain reaction followed by hybridization with sequence specific oligonucleotide probes(PCR-SSOP) (Rani et al, 2004, Rani et al, 1999 Our results were in concordance with earlier studies in North Indians (Gupta et al, 1991, Kanga et al, 2004, Sanjeevi et al, 1999, Witt et al, 2002. However, we also observed DRB1*07:01(p<7x10 -6 , OR= 0.16), DRB1*04:03 (p< 0.02, OR=0.25) and DRB1*04:04 (p< 0.05, OR= 0.2) to be significantly decreased in the patients as compared to controls.…”

Tumor necrosis factor–associated susceptibility to type 1 diabetes is caused by linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DR3 haplotypes

“…Our previous studies have demonstrated that autoimmune diseases such as celiac disease [62] and T1D [27] in the North Indian population are strongly associated with multiple HLA-DR3-DQ2 haplotypes and that these haplotypes are distinctly different from the classical Caucasian A1-B8 -DR3-DQ2 (AH8.1) haplotype at multiple loci [19,20,63]. The Indian autoimmune-favoring haplotypes include B8 -DR3 (AH8.2, AH8.1v, and others), B50 -DR3 (AH50.2), and B58 -DR3 (AH58.1), each with a distinct central MHC complement component of C4A and C4B [20] and factor B [21].…”

“…The AH58.1 haplotype confers a similar level of risk for development of T1D as it does among the Chinese [24,25], whereas the association of the AH50.2 haplotype is "unique" to the Indian population. The haplotype DRB1*15:01-DQA1*01:02-DQB1*06:02, on the other hand, confers protection against T1D in almost all populations, including Caucasians [15,16], blacks [26], and Asian Indians [19,27,28].…”

Autoimmune-associated HLA-B8-DR3 haplotypes in Asian Indians are unique in C4 complement gene copy numbers and HSP-2 1267A/G

“…The AH8.2 and other B8-DR3 haplotypes favor autoimmunity and related conditions in Asian Indians, including rheumatic heart disease [16], Graves' disease [17], type 1 diabetes [18,19], and celiac disease [20]. Our previous studies showed that the AH8.2 in Asian Indians share only B8 and DR3 with the Caucasian AH8.1, but differ at several gene loci across the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) [15].…”