HLA-DQ Polymorphism in Turkish Patients With Myasthenia Gravis

The association of HLA-DQA1*0401 and DQB1*0604 with thymomatous myasthenia gravis in northern Chinese patients

“…At the DQA1 locus, DQA1*0103 confers a protective allele for MG, similarly either in early-onset patients or late-onset. These results are concordant with previous studies showing that DQA1*0103 is a protective allele in Turkish and Swedish patients [10,11]. However, their conclusion was inconsistent regarding the DQB1 locus.…”

“…The known HLA associations with B8,A1, DR3 and DQ2 antigens in early-onset MG [7,8] differs in various populations, whereas Niks et al [9] describe a strong association of MuSK antibody positive MG and HLA DR14-DQ5 in Caucasians. In contrast, the presence of DQA1*0103 and DQB1*06 has been shown to be negatively associated with MG [10,11]. Previous research suggests that DQ has been the more important locus in determining disease susceptibility in MG patients [11].…”

“…Early studies had suggested HLAdependent control of anti-AChR autoantibody serum titers in nonthymoma MG patients [20]. And yet, associations between the HLA-A24, DR11, DQB1*0301, *0604 and the presence of thymoma have been previously reported [10,12,21,22].…”

Polymorphisms of interferon-γ, interleukin-10, and interleukin-12 genes in myasthenia gravis

“…Besides HLA associations [18,19], a genetic linkage to HLA, defining the MYAS1 locus has been established in MG by using a family-based study [20]. Other susceptibility markers demonstrated for MG are AChR-␣-subunit, IgG, Fc␥ RII and T cell receptor genes [21].…”

Correlation of HLA-DQ and TNF-α gene polymorphisms with ocular myasthenia gravis combined with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

“…HLA class II, especially highly polymorphic HLA-DR and -DQ alleles, is crucial to human immune responses due to their functions in stemming the predisposition or protecting human bodies from certain diseases [11]. Previous studies have reported that HLA-DQ gene polymorphisms are closely associated with the development of MG [12,13]. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a prototypical and pro-inflammatory cytokine, which can signal cell survival, proliferation and activation or even death via its type 1 receptor (TNFR1) [14].…”