HLA antibodies in blood donors with reactive screening tests for antibody to the immunodeficiency virus

Blanton, Matthew; Balakrishnan, Kamala; Dumaswala, U.J.; Zelenski, Kay R.; Greenwalt, Tibor J.

doi:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1987.27187121463.x

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Antibodies recognizing HIV-1 p24 core antigen have been also found in sera from seronegative patients, suffering from autoimmune disease [49]. Even more surprisingly, anti-HIV responses have been even found in HIV-naive, healthy animals and humans, never entered in touch with the virus [12,74]. These findings underline the importance of molecular mimicry in eliciting antiviral responses that might also prove protective.…”

Section: Mimicry: When Form Shapes Activitymentioning

confidence: 91%

Is Autoimmunity a Component of Natural Immunity to HIV?

Russo¹,

Lopalco

2006

CHR

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Antibody neutralization would be a major way to prevent HIV infection and disease progression, but the complex relationship between host and pathogen makes tough to achieve this target through immunogens based on viral envelope proteins. Autoimmunity has been associated to bacterial and viral diseases, as a consequence of inflammatory response to pathogens; it may eventually lead to harm host cells and organs. However, autoimmune-like responses have also been observed in HIV-infected patients, raising many questions about their clinical significance. Recent studies have elucidated both similarities and differences between anti-self responses in HIV infection and autoimmune diseases, identifying new molecular players that might enhance immune protection to HIV and/or modulate the clinical progression of the established infection. This paper will present the current knowledge on auto-antibodies observed in HIV infection, their putative mechanisms of generation and their possible implications for immune therapy.

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Section: Mimicry: When Form Shapes Activitymentioning

confidence: 91%

Is Autoimmunity a Component of Natural Immunity to HIV?

Russo¹,

Lopalco

2006

CHR

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“…In a blood bank screening program, highly reactive specimens by EIA were strongly associated with a positive Western blot or culture (86.7%), in contrast to moderately and weakly reactive specimens (1.9%) (124). These false-positive results can be due to intrinsic variability in test performance, heat inactivation of serum, HLA antibodies with specificity for HLA DQ3 and DR4 antigens (found in the H-9 cell line used to grow stock virus), and probably other contaminating antigens from cell lines (12,71). False-positive EIA results have been reported to be as high as 19% in hemophilia patients (113), 13% in alcoholic patients with hepatitis (83), 4% in hemodialysis patients (96), and 24% in patients who have a positive rapid plasma reagin test (41).…”

Section: Eiamentioning

confidence: 98%

Practical diagnostic testing for human immunodeficiency virus

Jackson

Balfour

1988

Clin Microbiol Rev

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Since the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in 1983, there has been a proliferation of diagnostic tests. These assays can be used to detect the presence of HIV antibody, HIV antigen, HIV ribonucleic and deoxyribonucleic acids, and HIV reverse transcriptase. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, Western blot, radioimmunoprecipitation assays, indirect immunofluorescence assays, reverse transcriptase assays, and several molecular hybridization techniques are currently available. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent, Western blot, and indirect immunofluorescence assays for HIV antibody are very sensitive, specific, and adaptable to most laboratories. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HIV antigen is also readily adaptable to most laboratories and will be commercially available soon. While the other assays are more tedious, they are valuable confirmatory tests and are suitable for reference laboratories. The biohazards of performing HIV testing can be minimized with proper biosafety measures.

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“…The false-positive rate is generally < 1 % ; however, it may increase to some extent de pending on several factors such as the kit lot-to-lot variation, field test conditions, ori-gin (high-or low-risk group) of specimen and various clinical conditions of the donor [4][5][6][7][8][9]. A reliable confirmatory assay must be used to retest all EIA-positive specimens because specificity is less than 100% and, moreover, because of the serious implication of an HIV-I antibody-positive EIA result.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of an Immunofluorescent Antibody Test, Enzyme Immunoassay and Western Blot for the Detection of HIV-1 Antibody

Iltis

Patel²,

Lee³

et al. 1990

Intervirology

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Screening blood and blood products for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibody is predominantly performed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and results must be confirmed by the more immunospecific Western blot (WB) assay. This study evaluated an HIV immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test relative to WB assay for use in confirming EIA designated HIV-1 antibody-positive sera. Specimens from seroconversion and CDC panels as well as clinical specimens obtained for routine EIA HIV-1 antibody screening were evaluated. Results with 209 specimens indicated that sensitivity and specificity of the Fluorognost®-HIV assay were equivalent relative to WB. In addition, the Fluorognost-HIV IFA test was faster and easier to perform than the WB assay, and unlike the WB assay was not prone to indeterminate results.

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HLA antibodies in blood donors with reactive screening tests for antibody to the immunodeficiency virus

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Is Autoimmunity a Component of Natural Immunity to HIV?

Is Autoimmunity a Component of Natural Immunity to HIV?

Practical diagnostic testing for human immunodeficiency virus

Comparative Evaluation of an Immunofluorescent Antibody Test, Enzyme Immunoassay and Western Blot for the Detection of HIV-1 Antibody

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