HIV vulnerability in migrant populations in southern Africa: Sociological, cultural, health-related, and human-rights perspectives

Nicholas, Patrice K.; Mfono, Ntombizanele; Corless, Inge B.; Davis, Sheila; O’Brien, Eva; Padua, Jonathan; Ahmed, Stephanie W.; Sheldon, Lisa Kennedy; Oas, Kathryn; Sadler, Lindsey; Nicholas, Thomas P.; Jabour, Sarah M.; Alexandre, Neldine; Fevrin, Farah; DuBois, Sasha; Fortinsky, Sarah

doi:10.1016/j.ijans.2016.09.003

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Additionally, cluster 1 is located in close proximity to the country’s border with Zimbabwe, a country which also reports a high HIV prevalence rate, estimated at 16.7% in the 15–49 years age group [ 26 ]. The ongoing economic difficulties in Zimbabwe has prompted an influx of undocumented immigrants into the northern-eastern parts of Botswana and migration has been identified as a strong single predictor of high HIV prevalence and risk [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Analysis of HIV Infection and Associated Risk Factors in Botswana

Solomon

Furuya‐Kanamori

Wangdi

2021

IJERPH

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Botswana has the third highest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence globally, and the severity of the epidemic within the country varies considerably between the districts. This study aimed to identify clusters of HIV and associated factors among adults in Botswana. Data from the Botswana Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Impact Survey IV (BIAS IV), a nationally representative household-based survey, were used for this study. Multivariable logistic regression and Kulldorf’s scan statistics were used to identify the risk factors and HIV clusters. Socio-demographic characteristics were compared within and outside the clusters. HIV prevalence among the study participants was 25.1% (95% CI 23.3–26.4). HIV infection was significantly higher among the female gender, those older than 24 years and those reporting the use of condoms, while tertiary education had a protective effect. Two significant HIV clusters were identified, one located between Selibe-Phikwe and Francistown and another in the Central Mahalapye district. Clusters had higher levels of unemployment, less people with tertiary education and more people residing in rural areas compared to regions outside the clusters. Our study identified high-risk populations and regions with a high burden of HIV infection in Botswana. This calls for focused innovative and cost-effective HIV interventions on these vulnerable populations and regions to curb the HIV epidemic in Botswana.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Analysis of HIV Infection and Associated Risk Factors in Botswana

Solomon

Furuya‐Kanamori

Wangdi

2021

IJERPH

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“…Migrant miners largely represent a group of sexually active men who are separated from their regular partners for extended periods. Research has noted that the migrant nature of work is characterized by access to commercial sex work, high alcohol use and low condom use [5]. This may contribute to the increased vulnerability to female partners residing in their communities of origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV prevalence and TB in migrant miners communities of origin in Gaza Province, Mozambique: The need for increasing awareness and knowledge

et al. 2020

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Background As part of ongoing efforts to generate evidence needed on HIV and tuberculosis (TB) to inform policies and programs aimed to improve the health outcomes of migrants and communities affected by migration and mining, a preliminary investigation was conducted through a biological and behavioral (BBS) approach related to HIV and TB in two communities of origin of migrant mineworkers in Gaza Province. The main objective was to determine the prevalence of HIV and the rates of asymptomatic infection by TB, and the social and behavioral risk factors associated. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to June 2017 using a simple random sampling methodology. Eligible participants were individuals who were living in the community at the time the survey was conducted, which included adult mine workers and members of their families aged 18 and above. A socio-behavioral questionnaire was administered, blood specimens were collected for HIV testing (Determine/Unigold) and sputum for TB (GeneXpert MTB/RIF) was collected. The statistical analysis was performed using the R studio software to produce means, proportion and odds ratio at 95% confidence intervals. Results A total of 1012 participants were enrolled, 75.2% were females, with a median age of 34. The overall prevalence of HIV found in the two communities was 24.2% (CI: 21.6-27.0) and was higher in the rural community (31.6%; 95% CI: 27.0-35.3). The prevalence of active TB was found to be 0.3% (n = 3) while 7.5% of the participants self-reported to have been previously diagnosed with TB at some point in their life. Only 2.8% of participants had knowledge

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“…30 It was evident from discussions and interactions with street vendors that the majority of them are either internal or external migrants, external migrants being almost the same number as South African traders. It has long been established that migrant workers are highly vulnerable to HIV, especially women labor migrants, 46 which is the case with street vendors as per the findings in this project. Previous studies have also reported that migration acts as a barrier in accessing health care due to various challenges such as language and lack of documentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

HIV and TB Workplace Program for Street Vendors: A Situational Analysis

et al. 2021

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In South Africa, 15 percent of informal economy workers are street vendors. The organization of occupational health services in the country is fragmented and does not cover informal workers. Conditions of work make informal workers extremely vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) exposure. In this study, a qualitative risk assessment was conducted among street vendors, followed by focus group discussions. Interpretation of data was according to major themes extracted from discussions. Workers are exposed to several occupational health hazards identified during the risk assessment. There is a lack of workplace HIV and TB services and overall poor access to healthcare. Street vendors, especially females, are at higher risk of HIV, due to gender inequalities. Comprehensive gender-sensitive training on occupational health and safety, HIV, and TB should be prioritized. To reach Universal Health Coverage and achieve the Sustainable Developmental Goals’ targets, the health system should improve services for informal economy workers.

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HIV vulnerability in migrant populations in southern Africa: Sociological, cultural, health-related, and human-rights perspectives

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Spatial Analysis of HIV Infection and Associated Risk Factors in Botswana

Spatial Analysis of HIV Infection and Associated Risk Factors in Botswana

HIV prevalence and TB in migrant miners communities of origin in Gaza Province, Mozambique: The need for increasing awareness and knowledge

HIV and TB Workplace Program for Street Vendors: A Situational Analysis

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