HIV Type 1 Molecular Epidemiology in<i>pol</i>and gp41 Genes Among Naive Patients from Mato Grosso do Sul State, Central Western Brazil

Silveira, Alexsander Augusto da; Cardoso, Ludimila Paula Vaz; Francisco, Roberta Barbosa Lopes; Stefani, Mariane Martins de Araújo

doi:10.1089/aid.2011.0128

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…The results presented confirmed that subtype B is still the main HIV-1 variant and concordant with data from other studies on adult and children populations from Brazil [24], [33], [34], [35]. The most remarkable observations in this study are that at least 38.1% of the 42 patients with proviral DNA sequences are infected with HIV-1 BF1 recombinant variants, which is relatively much higher if compared to earlier studies on children and adolescent patients in Brazil [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38]. This difference is not surprising, because small fragments from different regions of HIV genomes were characterized in the previous studies while we used larger overlapped fragments to sequence the full-length genome, which undoubtedly provides efficient discrimination of HIV subtypes and the recombinant forms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Variability of HIV-1 Genomes among Children and Adolescents from São Paulo, Brazil

et al. 2013

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BackgroundGenetic variability is a major feature of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and considered the key factor to frustrating efforts to halt the virus epidemic. In this study, we aimed to investigate the genetic variability of HIV-1 strains among children and adolescents born from 1992 to 2009 in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil.MethodologyPlasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected from 51 HIV-1-positive children and adolescents on ART followed between September 1992 and July 2009. After extraction, the genetic materials were used in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the viral near full length genomes (NFLGs) from 5 overlapped fragments. NFLGs and partial amplicons were directly sequenced and data were phylogenetically inferred.ResultsOf the 51 samples studied, the NFLGs and partial fragments of HIV-1 from 42 PBMCs and 25 plasma were successfully subtyped. Results based on proviral DNA revealed that 22 (52.4%) patients were infected with subtype B, 16 (38.1%) were infected with BF1 mosaic variants and 4 (9.5%) were infected with sub-subtype F1. All the BF1 recombinants were unique and distinct from any previously identified unique or circulating recombinant forms in South America. Evidence of dual infections was detected in 3 patients coinfected with the same or distinct HIV-1 subtypes. Ten of the 31 (32.2%) and 12 of the 21 (57.1%) subjects with recovered proviral and plasma, respectively, protease sequences were infected with major mutants resistant to protease inhibitors. The V3 sequences of 14 patients with available sequences from PBMC/or plasma were predicted to be R5-tropic virus except for two patients who harbored an X4 strain.ConclusionsThe high proportion of HIV-1 BF1 recombinant, coinfection rate and vertical transmission in Brazil merits urgent attention and effective measures to reduce the transmission of HIV among spouses and sex partners.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Variability of HIV-1 Genomes among Children and Adolescents from São Paulo, Brazil

et al. 2013

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“…New PR/RT subtype C sequences were obtained from 32 individuals from RJ selected from a larger cohort of about 3,000 HIV-infected patients followed at outpatient clinics from the Public Health System distributed throughout the state that underwent HIV genotyping tests at the Laboratory of AIDS and Molecular Immunology (FIOCRUZ) between 2002 and 2011, as previously described [20]. The HIV-1 subtype C pol sequences from RJ were combined with sequences from SP ( n = 18), GO ( n = 16), MT ( n = 4) and MS ( n = 4) available at the Los Álamos HIV Sequence Database ( www.hiv.lanl.gov ) and described elsewhere [10,14,15,16,17,18,21,22,23,24], and with a dataset of sequences isolated in the south region (RS = 55, SC = 41 and PR = 39) described in detail in a previous study [25]. The study was approved by the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Ethics Committee.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subtype C was observed in 6-8% of patients from the São Paulo (SP) state [9,10], 0.5-1% of patients from the Rio de Janeiro (RJ) state [11,12,13], 3-11% of patients from the Goiás (GO) state [14,15,16], 5% of patients from the Mato Grosso (MT) state [17], 10% of patients from the Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) state [18] and 6% of patients from the Tocantins state [19]. Although those studies support an influx of variants from the southern region, the exact origin and dissemination dynamics of Brazilian subtype C viruses circulating outside the southern states has not been studied in detail up to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the Origin and Northward Dissemination Dynamics of HIV-1 Subtype C in Brazil

et al. 2013

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Previous studies indicate that the HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in southern Brazil was initiated by the introduction of a single founder strain probably originating from east Africa. However, the exact country of origin of such a founder strain as well as the origin of the subtype C viruses detected outside the Brazilian southern region remains unknown. HIV-1 subtype C pol sequences isolated in the southern, southeastern and central-western Brazilian regions (n = 209) were compared with a large number (n ~ 2,000) of subtype C pol sequences of African origin. Maximum-likelihood analyses revealed that most HIV-1 subtype C Brazilian sequences branched in a single monophyletic clade (CBR-I), nested within a larger monophyletic lineage characteristic of east Africa. Bayesian analyses indicate that the CBR-I clade most probably originated in Burundi and was introduced into the Paraná state (southern region) around the middle 1970s, after which it rapidly disseminated to neighboring regions. The states of Paraná and Santa Catarina have been the most important hubs of subtype C dissemination, and routine travel and spatial accessibility seems to have been the major driving forces of this process. Five additional introductions of HIV-1 subtype C strains probably originated in eastern (n = 2), southern (n = 2) and central (n = 1) African countries were detected in the Rio de Janeiro state (southeastern region). These results indicate a continuous influx of HIV-1 subtype C strains of African origin into Brazil and also unveil the existence of unrecognized transmission networks linking this country to east Africa.

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“…Similar findings were found when more than one genomic region was evaluated. [10][11][12] The sequences of all mother-child pairs were in subtype accordance, including those harboring BF recombinant strains. It is likely that the recombinants exhibit some advantages over parental strains with regard to any changes in tropism and viral fitness, making them potentially more virulent and more efficiently transmitted.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Molecular Characterization of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Women and Their Vertically Infected Children

Nunes

GiovanettiMarta

Almeida

et al. 2015

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Approximately 35 million people worldwide are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) around 3.2 million of whom are children under 15 years. Mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 accounts for 90% of all infections in children. Despite great advances in the prevention of MTCT in Brazil, children are still becoming infected. Samples from 19 HIV-1-infected families were collected. DNA was extracted and fragments from gag, pol, and env were amplified and sequenced directly. Phylogenetic reconstruction was performed. Drug resistance analyses were performed in pol and env sequences. We found 82.1% of subtype B and 17.9% of BF recombinants. A prevalence of 43.9% drug resistance-associated mutations in pol sequences was identified. Of the drug-naive children 33.3% presented at least one mutation related to protease inhibitor/ nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor/nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (PI/NRTI/NNRTI) resistance. The prevalence of transmitted drug resistance mutations was 4.9%. On env we found a low prevalence of HR1 (4.9%) and HR2 (14.6%) mutations.

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HIV Type 1 Molecular Epidemiology inpoland gp41 Genes Among Naive Patients from Mato Grosso do Sul State, Central Western Brazil

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Variability of HIV-1 Genomes among Children and Adolescents from São Paulo, Brazil

Variability of HIV-1 Genomes among Children and Adolescents from São Paulo, Brazil

Tracing the Origin and Northward Dissemination Dynamics of HIV-1 Subtype C in Brazil

Molecular Characterization of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Women and Their Vertically Infected Children

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