HIV, Trauma, and Infection Control

HAMMOND, JEFFREY S.; Eckes, Jeanne; Gómez, Gerardo; Cunningham, Dianne

doi:10.1097/00005373-199005000-00005

Cited by 94 publications

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“…Leon et al [29] showed that 93% of the subjects had no or little knowledge about the standard precautions. Hammond et al [30] also found that only 16% of the dentists applied standard precaution guidelines. Most exposures to infected cases in dentistry are random and can be prevented through paying attention to the infection control guidelines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dentists’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding Hepatitis B and C and HIV/AIDS in Sanandaj, Iran

et al. 2018

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BackgroundHealthcare workers including physicians, dentists, nurses and laboratory workers are considered to be among the groups at the risk of blood-borne pathogen transmission. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) of dentists regarding infection control and basic principles.MethodsThis cross-sectional study recruited 106 dentists in Sanandaj, Iran. The dentists’ KAP regarding hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and HIV/AIDS were evaluated. Chi-square test, student’s t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used to assess differences between the groups. Data were analyzed in Stata 12.ResultsThe results showed that the majority of the subjects in the study population (53.8%) were female. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) for age and work experience was 39.6 ± 9.80 and 10.6 ± 8.7 years, respectively. The mean ± SD for knowledge, attitude and practices of participants was 37.3 ± 3.01, 22.9 ± 4.80 and 24.07 ± 5.06, respectively. The results also indicated that dentists’ higher level of knowledge about HBV, HCV and HIV/AIDS was significantly influenced by work experience (≥10 years; P < 0.001) and graduation year (after 2006: P < 0.001). Positive attitude towards HBV, HCV and HIV/AIDS was considerably influenced by age group (< 30 years: P = 0.021), work experience (≥10 years: P < 0.001), and workplace (dental office: P = 0.016).ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrated a satisfactory level of knowledge and attitude of dentists about HBV, HCV and HIV/AIDS infections, but some gaps were observed, suggesting that higher knowledge level of dentists plays a very important role in forming the attitudes and practices regarding patients with HBV, HCV and HIV/AIDS.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12903-018-0685-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dentists’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding Hepatitis B and C and HIV/AIDS in Sanandaj, Iran

et al. 2018

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“…The prevalence of HIV seropositivity in some trauma population including burns has been reported to be higher than in general population and thus presents an occupational hazard to healthcare workers who care for these patients [8]. The overall seroprevalence of HIV infection in our study was 13.1% that is higher than that in the general population in Uganda (6.5%) [14]; these may be attributed to high percentage of the risk factors for HIV infection reported in the present study population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In developing nations including Africa, the population prevalence of HIV in some groups can be as high as 30% [7]. In trauma population including burn injuries, the prevalence of HIV seropositivity have been reported to run as high as 19% and thus presents an occupational hazard to health care workers who care for these patients [8]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Universal precautions have been reported to reduce the rate of HIV transmission; however, studies have indicated poor compliance to universal precautions in developing countries where resources for caring of these patients are limited [5,8-12]. Thus, the risk of exposure to HIV infection among health care workers who care for burn patients in our setting is high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV seroprevalence and its effect on outcome of moderate to severe burn injuries: A Ugandan experience

Chalya

Salais

Kakande

2011

J Trauma Manage Outcomes

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BackgroundHIV infection in a patient with burn injuries complicates the care of both the patient and the treating burn team. This study was conducted to establish the prevalence of HIV among burn patients in our setting and to compare the outcome of these patients who are HIV positive with those who are HIV negative.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study involving burn injury patients admitted to Mulago Hospital between November 2005 and February 2006. Patients were stratified into HIV positive (exposed) group and HIV-negative (unexposed) group. Data was collected using a pre-tested coded questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS statistical computer software version 11.5.ResultsOf the 130 patients included in the study, 17 (13.1%) patients tested HIV positive and this formed the study (exposed) group. The remaining 113 patients (86.9%) formed the control (unexposed) group. In the HIV positive group, females outnumbered males by a ratio of 1.4:1 and the mean age was 28.4 ± 21.5 years (range 3 months-34 years). 64.7% of HIV positive patients reported to have risk factors for HIV infection. Of these, multiple sexual partners [Odds Ratio 8.44, 95% C.I. (3.87-143.23), P = 0.011] and alcoholism [Odds Ratio 8.34, 95% C.I. (5.76-17.82), P = 0.002] were found to be independently and significantly associated with increased risk to HIV infection. The mean CD4 count for HIV positive and HIV negative patients were 394 ± 328 cells/μL and 912 ± 234 cells/μL respectively which is statistically significant (P = 0.001). There was no difference in the bacteria cultured from the wounds of HIV positive and negative patients (P = 0.322). Patients with clinical signs of sepsis had lower CD4+ counts compared to patients without sepsis (P < 0.001). ). Skin grafting was carried out in 35.3% of HIV negative patients and 29.4% of HIV positive patients with no significant difference in skin graft take and the degree of healed burn on discharge was the same (P = 0.324). There was no significant difference in hospital stay between HIV positive and negative patients (P = 0.674). The overall mortality rate was 11.5%. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, mortality rate was found to be independently and significantly related to the age of the patient, HIV positive with stigmata of AIDS, CD4 count, inhalation injury, %TBSA and severity of burn (p-value < 0.001).ConclusionHIV infection is prevalent among burn injury patients in our setting and thus presents an occupational hazard to health care workers who care for these patients. All burn health care workers in this region need to practice universal precautions in order to reduce the risk of exposure to HIV infection and post-exposure prophylaxis should be emphasized. The outcome of burn injury in HIV infected patients is dependent upon multiple variables such as age of the patient, inhalation injury and %TBSA and not the HIV status alone.

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Trauma: Priorities, Controversies, and Special Situations

Hammond¹

Essential Practice of Surgery

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HIV, Trauma, and Infection Control

Cited by 94 publications

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Dentists’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding Hepatitis B and C and HIV/AIDS in Sanandaj, Iran

Dentists’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding Hepatitis B and C and HIV/AIDS in Sanandaj, Iran

HIV seroprevalence and its effect on outcome of moderate to severe burn injuries: A Ugandan experience

Trauma: Priorities, Controversies, and Special Situations

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