HIV testing in patients who are HCV positive: Compliance with CDC guidelines in a large healthcare system

Abstract

Background There are approximately 300,000 people in the United States who are co-infected with HIV and HCV. Several organizations recommend that individuals who are HCV infected, as well as persons over the age of 13, should be HIV tested. Comorbidities associated with HCV can be reduced with early identification of HIV. Our objective was to determine whether providers routinely followed HIV testing guidelines for patients who tested HCV positive (HCV+). Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients in primary care at an academic health system from 7/2015–3/2017 who tested HCV+. As part of a primary database, HCV testing data was collected; HIV testing data was abstracted manually. We collected and described the intervals between HCV and HIV tests. To determine associations with HIV testing univariable and multivariable analyses were performed. Results We identified 445 patients who tested HCV+: 56.6% were tested for HIV, the mean age was 57 ± 10.9 years, 77% were from the Birth Cohort born 1945–1965 (BC); 61% were male; and 51% were Black/AA. Patients in the BC were more likely to be HIV tested if they were: male (p = 0.019), Black/AA (p<0.001), and had Medicaid (p = 0.005). These differences were not found in the non-BC. Six patients who were tested for both HIV and HCV were found to be newly HIV positive at the time of testing. Conclusion As demonstrated, providers did not routinely follow CDC recommendations as almost half of the HCV+ patients were not correctly tested for HIV. It is important to emphasize that six persons were tested HIV positive simultaneously with their HCV+ diagnosis. If providers did not follow the CDC guidelines, then these patients may not have been identified. Improvements in EHR clinical decision support tools and provider education can help improve the HIV testing rate among individuals who are HCV+.

Late hepatitis C virus diagnosis among patients with newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma: a case–control study

“…Illegal drug use [ 20 , 21 ], older age upon infection [ 18 ], less likelihood to exhibit medical care–seeking behavior [ 22 ], low income or socioeconomic status (SES) [ 19 ], and distance from a health care provider [ 23 ] have also been identified as risk factors for late HCV diagnosis. Critically, the literature illustrates that excessive alcohol intake and coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [ 24 ] may accelerate the progression of HCV, cause earlier development of cirrhosis or HCC, and increase the risk of late HCC diagnosis, reducing the opportunity for patients to receive timely treatment [ 18 ].…”